TAILIEUCHUNG - Mechanical Engineer´s Handbook P21

CHAPTER 18 FAILURE Jack Collins Department of Mechanical Engineering Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio CONSIDERATIONS Steve Daniewicz Department of Mechanical Engineering Mississippi State University Starkville, Mississippi CRITERIA OF FAILURE FAILUREMODES 377 378 ELASTIC DEFORMATION AND YIELDING 382 FRACTURE MECHANICS AND UNSTABLE CRACK GROWTH FATIGUE AND STRESS CONCENTRATION Fatigue Loading and Laboratory Testing The S-N-P Curves— A Basic Design Tool Factors That Affect S-N-P Curves Nonzero Mean and Multiaxial Fatigue Stresses Spectrum Loading and Cumulative Damage Stress Concentration Low-Cycle Fatigue Three-Phase Approach for Fatigue Life Prediction Service Spectrum Simulation and Full-Scale Testing 383 396. | CHAPTER 18__ FAILURE CONSIDERATIONS Jack Collins Department of Mechanical Engineering Ohio State University Columbus Ohio Steve Daniewicz Department of Mechanical Engineering Mississippi State University Starkville Mississippi CRITERIA OF FAILURE 377 Damage Tolerance and Fracture Control 436 FAILURE MODES 378 CREEP AND STRESS RUPTURE 437 ELASTIC DEFORMATION AND Prediction of Long-Term YIELDING 382 Creep Behavior 439 Creep under Uniaxial FRACTURE MECHANICS AND State of Stress 440 UNSTABLE CRACK GROWTH 383 Creep under Multiaxial State of Stress 442 FATIGUE AND STRESS Cumulative Creep 442 CONCENTRATION 396 Fatigue Loading and COMBINED CREEP AND Laboratory Testing 397 FATIGUE 443 The S-N-P Curves A Basic Design Tool 401 FRETTING AND WEAR 449 Factors That Affect Fretting Phenomena 450 S-N-P Curves 402 Wear Phenomena 456 Nonzero Mean and Multiaxial Fatigue Stresses 402 CORROSION AND STRESS Spectrum Loading and CORROSION 462 Cumulative Damage 410 Types of Corrosion 463 Stress Concentration 414 Stress Corrosion Cracking 467 Low-Cycle Fatigue 420 Three-Phase Approach for FAILURE ANALYSIS AND Fatigue Life Prediction 429 RETROSPECTIVE DESIGN 468 Service Spectrum Simulation and Full-Scale Testing 435 CRITERIA OF FAILURE Any change in the size shape or material properties of a structure machine or machine part that renders it incapable of performing its intended function must be regarded as a mechanical failure of the device. It should be carefully noted that the key concept here is that improper functioning of a machine part constitutes failure. Thus a shear pin that does not separate into two or more pieces upon the application of a preselected overload must be regarded as having failed as surely as a drive shaft has failed if it does separate into two pieces under normal expected .

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