TAILIEUCHUNG - Mechanical Engineer´s Handbook P76

CHAPTER 57 GAS TURBINES Harold Miller GE Power Systems Schenectady, New York INTRODUCTION Basic Operating Principles 57. A Brief History of Gas Turbine Development and Use Components, Characteristics and Capabilities Controls and Accessories Gas Turbine Operation GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE Gas Turbine Configurations and Cycle Characteristics Trends in Gas Turbine Design and Performance 1723 1723 1727 1728 1737 1740 1740 1740 1747 APPLICATIONS 1749 Use of Exhaust Heat in Industrial Gas Turbines 1749 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle 1751 Applications in Electricity Generation 1753 Engines for Aircraft 1755 Engines for Surface Transportation 1757 EVALUATIONAND SELECTION . | CHAPTER 57 GAS TURBINES Harold Miller GE Power Systems Schenectady New York INTRODUCTION 1723 Basic Operating Principles 1723 A Brief History of Gas Turbine Development and Use 1727 Components Characteristics and Capabilities 1728 Controls and Accessories 1737 Gas Turbine Operation 1740 GAS TURBINE PERFORMANCE 1740 Gas Turbine Configurations and Cycle Characteristics 1740 Trends in Gas Turbine Design and Performance 1747 APPLICATIONS 1749 Use of Exhaust Heat in Industrial Gas Turbines 1749 Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle 1751 Applications in Electricity Generation 1753 Engines for Aircraft 1755 Engines for Surface Transportation 1757 EVALUATION AND SELECTION 1759 Maintenance Intervals Availability and Reliability 1759 Selection of Engine and System 1761 INTRODUCTION Basic Operating Principles Gas turbines are heat engines based on the Brayton thermodynamic cycle. This cycle is one of the four that account for most of the heat engines in use. Other cycles are the Otto Diesel and Rankine. The Otto and Diesel cycles are cyclic in regard to energy content. Steady-flow continuous energy transfer cycles are the Brayton gas turbine and Rankine steam turbine cycles. The Rankine cycle involves condensing and boiling of the working fluid steam and utilizes a boiler to transfer heat to the working fluid. The working fluid in the other cycles is generally air or air plus combustion products. The Otto Diesel and Brayton cycles are usually internal combustion cycles wherein the fuel is burned in the working fluid. In summary the Brayton cycle is differentiated from the Otto and Diesel cycle in that it is continuous and from the Rankine in that it relies on internal combustion and does not involve a phase change in the working fluid. In all cycles the working fluid experiences induction compression heating expansion and exhaust. In a non-steady

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