TAILIEUCHUNG - Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary - Part 90

The Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary - Part 90 fills a gap in the literature by providing instructors, hobbyists, and top-level engineers with an accessible, current reference. From the author of the best-selling Telecommunications Illustrated Dictionary, this comprehensive reference includes fundamental physics, basic technical information for fiber splicing, installation, maintenance, and repair, and follow-up information for communications and other professionals using fiber optic components. Well-balanced, well-researched, and extensively cross-referenced, it also includes hundreds of photographs, charts, and diagrams that clarify the more complex ideas and put simpler ideas into their applications context | Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary of both store-and-forward and realtime facsimile protocols ITU-T . spoofing network In network traffic routing a means of rerouting or otherwise changing the destination of a transmission by mimicking the destination through responses signals or other identification. Spoofing has legitimate purposes such as testing and modeling or overcoming problems of latency in slower devices but often the spoofing is intended to gain unauthorized access to a system or to impersonate a system and send substituted information. Reports of malicious spoofing on the Internet began to emerge in the mid-1990s. Spoofing can be set up at the beginning of a session or can be inserted into a session after it has been established. The first method may be harder to detect while the second may be a means to eavesdrop on information the source system thinks it is sending to the original destination which is now the spoofed destination. In general the spoofing is carried out by impersonating a trusted destination IP address. The spoof can sometimes be detected if the IP address is found to originate on the local system rather than on an external system. Spoofing occurs for many reasons. It can enable a user to intercept programs or information or it can be used to send bogus responses to requests from the originating system. It can also compromise the ability of a system to carry out its normal functions. A denial of service attack is a situation in which a service . a Web server for a stock quote or online auction system is made unavailable to normal users. By setting up a loop that ties up or floods the system for example through a half-open connection that overflows denial of service can be achieved. This doesn t usually compromise the information on the attacked system but may harm it by denying legitimate users access. The host system may not be aware of the problem until customers begin to complain. Since the mid- and late-1990s various .

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