TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 97

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 97. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | V vagueness. Words like smart tall and fat are vague since in most contexts of use there is no clear line separating them from not smart not tall and not fat respectively. Vagueness needs to be distinguished from ambiguity which is a property of a word with two distinct meanings. Whereas is drunk is vague is at the bank river commercial is ambiguous. Vague terms are said to be tolerant in that they are used in settings where small changes . in colour often make no difference to us. How we react to vagueness can vary. We can tolerate or even approve of vagueness as when we engage in diplomatic negotiations. Or we can react less tolerantly by viewing vagueness as a kind of language failure I can t tell where your land ends and mine begins . . Rosanna Keefe and Peter Smith eds. Vagueness A Reader Cambridge 1997 . vague objects. If they exist they challenge the common idea that reality itself is not vague only our representations of it being so. If for example Mount Everest is a vague object it has vague boundaries some rocks are neither clearly part of it nor clearly not part of it. Thus the vagueness is not blamed on the name Everest which is allowed to refer determinately to a unique vague mountain. Vagueness may also infect temporal boundaries . the moment of death . Vague objects are identical only if they have the same clear parts and the same clear nonparts it is controversial whether this relation too can be vague. One can suppose an object vague without supposing it indeterminate if one controversially regards its vagueness as the impossibility of finding its sharp boundaries. . T. Williamson Vagueness London 1994 . Vaihinger Hans 1852-1933 . German philosopher who from his study of Kant and Nietzsche derived the Philosophy of As If Die Philosophie des Als Ob 1911 tr. London 1924 . Sensations and feelings are real but the rest of human knowledge consists of pragmatically justified fictions . The laws of logic are fictions that have proved their .

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