TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 73

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 73. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 700 philosophical logic what remains when one or more names are deleted from a sentence these are variously held to carry reference to universals concepts or classes. Thus the predicate . . . is red formed by deleting the name from a sentence like Mars is red is held by some philosophical logicians to stand for the property of redness by others to express our concept of redness and by yet others to denote the class of red things. Monolithic theories ofreference are unpromising however. Even if some names refer by way of description other names and namelike parts of speech such as demonstratives and personal pronouns plausibly do not. And even if some predicates stand for universals others such as negative and disjunctive predicates can scarcely be held to do so. Truth and falsehood if indeed they are properties at all are properties of whole sentences or propositions rather than of their subsentential or subpropositional components. Theories of truth are many and various ranging from the robust and intuitively appealing correspondence theory which holds that the truth of a sentence or proposition consists in its correspondence to extra-linguistic or extra-mental fact to the redundancy theory at the other extreme according to which all talk of truth and falsehood is at least in principle elim-inable without loss of expressive power. These two theories are examples respectively of substantive and deflationary accounts of truth other substantive theories being the coherence theory the pragmatic theory and the semantic theory while other deflationary theories include the prosentential theory and the performative theory which sees the truth-predicate . . . is true as a device for the expression of agreement between speakers . As with the theory of reference a monolithic approach to truth despite its attractive simplicity may not be capable of doing justice to all applications of the notion. Thus the correspondence theory though plausible as regards a posteriori or .

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