TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 71

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 71. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 680 paradoxes finding satisfies a criterion for finding it true and so on ad infinitum. Where other sentences get a permanent truth assignment some self-referential sentences the liar paradox is one oscillate indefinitely. Various interpretations may be placed on such data including assigning values other than the true-false pair. The patterns of valuation produced by various rules may make an interesting object of mathematical study. It is rather like a psychiatrist classifying paradoxical personality types love-hate relationships double or multiple binding personal interactions manic-depressives etc. from a detached perspective. Classical logical laws cannot be treated as applicable sequentially without ignoring the universality which is essential to their identity. If a claim is found true then found false then true and so on indefinitely then either half of these findings are mistaken or else it was not the same claim from one finding to the next. However the anti-traditionalist may not be concerned with how classical laws need to be applied. He may have been led by his exposure to paradoxes and antinomies to have given up the belief that there is in matters of theory any mandatory received opinion or any fundamental principles to get into conflict of a privileged logical kind which it is essential to proper thinking to resolve. He can agree with the classicist that without the absolutely universal and necessary logical principles there is no fixed basis for determining the correct response to a paradox or antinomy but draw a very different moral. His response to those troubled by paradox may be like that of the psychiatrist easing a patient s distress not by answering his questions but by changing his attitude towards them. This conflict over the very identity and nature of the conflict illustrates how in a paradox case we may encounter considerable difficulty in achieving agreement about the correct description of the problem. Whether an opinion has a status

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