TAILIEUCHUNG - The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 33

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 33. The book is alphabetized by the whole headings of entries, as distinct from the first word of a heading. Hence, for example, abandonment comes before a priori and a posteriori. It is wise to look elsewhere if something seems to be missing. At the end of the book there is also a useful appendix on Logical Symbols as well as the appendices A Chronological Table of Philosophy and Maps of Philosophy. | 300 Fichte Johann Gottlieb The second proposition that the non-I is determined by the I gives rise to the practical Wissenschaftslehre and this is for Fichte crucial to the I s construction of the world. First the I s motive for producing a world and a world of a certain type is to have a field for its activity primarily for the performance of its moral duty. Second it is only with the practical Wissenschaftslehre that the world ceases to be merely a network of ideas Vorstellungen and becomes genuinely objective with respect to the I. The performance ofduty requires the existence ofother Is on a par with myself and I must regard other people as independent centres of consciousness and activity not simply as my own ideas. But if the world is perceived by other beings as well as myself it is relatively independent of myself and my mental states. In other works of the period notably The Science of Rights 1796-7 tr. London 1889 and The Science of Ethics 1798 tr. London 1897 Fichte develops the implications of practical Wissenschaftslehre. The latter work attempts to derive the content of our duties from the mere fact that we must act morally arguing for example that since moral activity requires the existence of others we have a duty not to kill others or otherwise impair their capacity for moral activity. The Science of Rights applies ethical principles to law the family individual rights within the state and relations between states. The state exists to protect the rights of its citizens and is nothing but an abstract conception only the citizens as such are actual persons . States should form a confederation to secure the freedom of all men and ultimately all men should belong to a single commonwealth. This did not prevent him from arguing in The Closed Commercial State 1800 that a state should rigidly control the economic activity of its citizens and prohibit international trade. Fichte s doctrines so far are well summarized in The Vocation of Man 1800 tr. New York

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