TAILIEUCHUNG - An Outline of the history of economic thought - Chapter 4

4 Socialist Economic Thought and Marx . From Utopia to Socialism . The birth of the workers’ movement This chapter covers the same historical period as the last one and, in the same way, can be divided into two parts: the first runs from the end of the Napoleonic Wars to the 1848 revolution | 4 Socialist Economic Thought and Marx . From Utopia to Socialism . The birth of the workers movement This chapter covers the same historical period as the last one and in the same way can be divided into two parts the first runs from the end of the Napoleonic Wars to the 1848 revolution the second covers the subsequent twenty years. Unlike the preceding chapter where we dealt with capitalist growth and its economic theories here our attention is focused on the class conflict between the workers and capitalists and the theories that emerged from this. The modern workers movement began with the great Luddite social uprisings of 1808-20 involving France and especially England where the revolt was so strong organized and overpowering that the government to put it down had to use an army of 12 000 men. The movement was subdued with a great deal of bloodshed in both countries but burst out again with a higher level of organization and political awareness in the 1820s and 1830s. In England it was organized at first by the Owenist trade unions and later by the Chartist movement under whose banner it conducted bitter fights for objectives such as the new Poor Laws the Reform Bill and the reduction of the working day for women and children. In France it produced various armed insurrections at the beginning of the 1830s some of which gave the final blow to the reign of Charles X contributing to the ascent to the throne of Louis-Philippe the bourgeois king . The next ten years saw serious outbreaks of conflict in both countries. In England the climax was reached in 1842-3 while in France the struggle began again after ten years of respite in 1844-6 finally exploding in the 1848 revolution. The following twenty years initiated by the bloody defeat the workers movement suffered in France were in contrast to the preceding period years of almost complete social peace in both countries and only in 1867-9 was there a sharp and massive resumption of the workers struggle. The

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