TAILIEUCHUNG - HandBooks Professional Java-C-Scrip-SQL part 229

Tham khảo tài liệu 'handbooks professional java-c-scrip-sql part 229', công nghệ thông tin, kỹ thuật lập trình phục vụ nhu cầu học tập, nghiên cứu và làm việc hiệu quả | Ruby in a Nutshell By Yukihiro Matsumoto Chapter 2. Language Basics Object-Oriented Programming Phew seems like a long time since I introduced Ruby as the object-oriented scripting language eh But now you have everything you need to get the nitty-gritty details on how Ruby treats classes and objects. After you ve mastered a few concepts and Ruby s syntax for dealing with objects you may never want to go back to your old languages so beware Classes and Instances All Ruby data consists of objects that are instances of some class. Even a class itself is an object that is an instance of the Class class. As a general rule new instances are created using the new method of a class but there are some exceptions such as the Fixnum class . a Array new s String new o Object new class Statement class class_name superclass code end Defines a class. A class_name must be a constant. The defined class is assigned to that constant. If a class of the same name already exists the class and superclass must match or the superclass must not be specified in order for the features of the new class definition to be added to the existing class. class statements introduce a new scope for local variables. Methods Class methods are defined with the de f statement. The de f statement adds a method to the innermost class or module definition surrounding the de f statement. A def statement outside a class or module definition at the top level adds a method to the Obj ect class itself thus defining a method that can be referenced anywhere in the program. When a method is called Ruby searches for it in a number of places in the following order 1. Among the methods defined in that object . singleton methods . 2. Among the methods defined by that object s class. 3. Among the methods of the modules included by that class. 4. Among the methods of the superclass. 5. Among the methods of the modules included by that superclass. 6. Repeats Steps 4 and 5 until the top-level object is .

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