TAILIEUCHUNG - Longman grammar of spoken and written english part 4

There was his Arizona colleague, Susan Conrad, who, in addition to a major contribution to the actual writing, invested much time and energy in the relevant research from the earliest stages of the project. There was also, far away in Scandinavia, the highly experienced grammarian, Stig Johansson, who played a key role in the research, planning, and writing. | Varieties of English 15 think the use of an active voice main-clause verb v. passive voice . A sentence illustrating all these factors is Hey 1 think I saw her the other day. conv See for a full discussion. The analyses in the LGSWE show that similar kinds of discourse factors influence structural choices throughout English grammar. Varieties of English Most of the descriptions of grammatical use in the LGSWE are fl amed relative to occurrence in different varieties that is registers varieties relating to different circumstances and purposes and to a lesser extent dialects varieties associated with different groups of speakers . In this section we introduce these distinctions and discuss the relative importance of register and dialect for our analyses. Registers of English Register distinctions are defined in non-linguistic terms with respect to situational characteristics such as mode interactiveness domain communicative purpose and topic. For example newspaper editorials are distinguished as being a written b published in a newspaper and c primarily intended to express an informed opinion on matters already in the news. Editorials are not directly interactive often there is no acknowledged author of the editorial and they can be written about almost any topic. In many cases registers are institutionalized varieties or text types within a culture such as novels letters editorials sermons and debates. However registers can be defined at almost any level of generality. Thus novels are a subregister of the broader text-variety of fiction. At the same time novels themselves can be broken down into more detailed categories such as detective novels or historical novels. The situational characteristics that define registers have direct functional correlates and as a result there arc usually important differences in the use of grammatical features among registers. To take an easy example as we saw in face-to-face conversation is directly .

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