TAILIEUCHUNG - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 55

Because of this, unless a particular analysis or argument is specifically attributable to one author, there arc few references to competing analyses, or to the huge number of books and articles dealing with tense in English. | I. Introduction 371 present zone and the portion that follows t0 and starts immediately after t0 is the post-present zone . To locate situations in these three zones we use the present perfect the present tense and the future tense or a futurish form see respectively. Each of these tenses shows present nonpast morphology. I have already read that article. Have read is a present perfect tense form locating its situation time somewhere in the pre-present zone. I am very angry with her. Am locates its situation time at t0. I will am going to be in France tomorrow. Note that am going to be locates its situation time in the post-present. As stressed in the situation time is the time of the actualization of the predicated situation not the time of anticipation of that actualization. See also the definition of tense in and the discussion of futurish forms in . Visual representation of time-spheres and zones As noted in the linguistic conceptualization of time in terms of timespheres and zones can be represented as in Figure . In this diagram the time line is represented as consisting of two time-spheres. The dotted line in the middle of the time line represents the fact that there is felt to be a break between the two time-spheres. As stressed in the diagram should not be interpreted as representing the pre-present as more recent i. e. closer to t0 than the past see also . PAST PRE-PRESENT t0 POST-PRESENT 1 PRESENT v -v- past time-sphere present time-sphere Figure . Linguistic conceptualization of the time line in English. Absolute zones Whereas the present time-sphere is automatically divided into three zones by t0 the past time-sphere consists of a single time-zone which is defined as lying completely before t0. The past time-sphere and the three present time-sphere zones can therefore be said to make up the set of absolute zones i. e. the four time-zones that are defined in direct relation to t0. Note that because the

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