TAILIEUCHUNG - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 9

Part III (— sections — ) is a brief over¬view of tense and two other areas of meaning that can be expressed by the use of verb forms in English and that interact with tense: the sys¬tem of grammatical aspect and the system of mood and modality. | V. Abstract situation types ontological aspect 49 V. Abstract situation types ontological aspect Introduction In order to understand the meaning and use of certain tenses and of non progressive forms it is necessary to classify templates for describing situations on the basis of whether or not they represent the situation as having particular ontological features such as static durative The set of features that are attributed to a situation by the verb phrase representing it are said to constitute a kind of aspect i. e. a particular way of representing a situation in terms of its internal constituency. This kind of aspect is known as Aktionsart lexical aspect or ontological ASPECt. It is the expression of inherent characteristics such as non staticness non durativeness etc. of a kind of situation as it is linguistically represented by a verb phrase that has not yet been marked for progressive or nonprogressive aspect. By inherent we mean that the kind of situation necessarily has the features in question irrespective of the context in which it is used. The proviso in connection with non progressive aspect is necessary because as we will see in grammatical aspect may sometimes overrule the ontological aspect of the unmarked verb phrase. Thus while walking is typically conceived of as dynamic the sentence John walks to work is interpreted as referring to a state more specifically a habit i. e. a type of situation that is characteristic of the referent of the subject NP over an extended period of time see . This static interpretation is due to the use of the nonprogressive form of the present tense the corresponding progressive sentence John is walking to work denotes a dynamic situation. Some of the lexical-aspect features of a verb VP or predicate constituent are purely a question of representation . the feature slow movement in walk slowly whereas others are more closely linked to the ontological status of the situation type .

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