TAILIEUCHUNG - Uninterruptible and Back-up Power: Fuel Cells

Backup Power Systems for Mobile Telecommunications Telecommunication networks are a major user of backup powering systems (also termed uninterruptible power systems (UPS)) and they serve as the primary example of a fuel cell (FC) application in this article. Mobile or wireless networks are often the primary source of telecommunications especially in emerging markets and developing countries where fixed line networks have not been extensively built. Customers expect to continue to use their mobile phones, even when the power grid fails. In extreme cases, need to be reached and need to continue with their communication. The mobile network is based. | Uninterruptible and Back-up Power Fuel Cells U Benz D Busche and D Lutterbeck P21 GmbH Brunnthal Germany 2009 Elsevier . All rights reserved. Introduction Backup Power Systems for Mobile Telecommunications Telecommunication networks are a major user of backup powering systems also termed uninterruptible power systems UPS and they serve as the primary example of a fuel cell FC application in this article. Mobile or wireless networks are often the primary source of telecommunications especially in emerging markets and developing countries where fixed line networks have not been extensively built. Customers expect to continue to use their mobile phones even when the power grid fails. In extreme cases need to be reached and need to continue with their communication. The mobile network is based on a matrix of base transceiver stations BTSs . In general the electrical energy is provided by the electric power grid. In a BTS site the 230 VAC volts alternating current power is generally inverted into 48 VDC volts direct current power which is used to power the radio equipment. In the case of a blackout batteries and or diesel generators traditionally step in to ensure continuous operation. Today the mobile network operators MNOs rely mainly on lead-acid batteries as the emergency power source. These are accumulators that are maintained at full capacity by applying an adequate charge current during normal grid operation. In the case of a temporary loss of the electrical power grid the voltage level in the BTS falls below the open-circuit voltage of the battery and the batteries take over the power supply as the lead-acid batteries are discharged. As soon as the electrical grid is reestablished the batteries are recharged until they reach their full capacity or until the grid fails once more. Although batteries are the most established provider of backup power they suffer from a number of drawbacks Long and unpredictable outage periods . several hours of grid loss .

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