TAILIEUCHUNG - The grammar of the english verb phrase part 5

The definitions of the terms and concepts used in the book are brought together in an extensive glossary at the end of the book.) £l J _ Part I (— sections —) first gives some preliminary notes on this work's aims, contents, notational conventions, and the like. | II. General linguistic terminology 21 a direct object . I hit him indirect object . I gave him a kite subject complement . Bill is ill object complement . We called him a fool prepositional object . I looked into the question carefully . Verbs that can only take a subject argument are called intransitive verbs . Verbs that also take one or more nominal complements are called transitive verbs except if the complement in question is a subject complement . Bill is a nurse in which case the verb is a copula or linking verb see immediately below . The term transitive verb does not cover one-complement verbs like be seem become etc. which are linking verbs or copulas or copular verbs. These verbs are not followed by a direct object but by a subject complement. A subject complement says something about the referent of the subject i. e. it either ascribes a characteristic to that referent or identifies the person or entity in question. John is a plumber. He seems a reliable man. The chairman is that man over there. This wine tastes sour. 22 1. Introduction III. Meaning categories expressed by verb forms There are four systems of the verb phrase which grammaticalize meaning but only three will prove relevant to the discussion of tense namely tense itself grammatical aspect and mood modality. The category that is not relevant to tense is voice. These three areas of grammatical meaning interact with one another and therefore need to be considered together. Apart from them this chapter also pays attention to lexical aspect and actualization aspect because these systems of meaning often interact with tense and are therefore essential to any complete discussion of tense. A. Tense Introduction We should make a careful distinction between tense and time . Time is an extralinguistic category. That is it exists independently of language. Tense is a linguistic concept it denotes the form taken by the verb to locate the situation referred to in .

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