TAILIEUCHUNG - The complete guide to the toefl test part 21

The four Integrated Speaking Tasks require the test-taker to listen to information from a lecture or conversation and (for two of the tasks) from a reading. Many test-takers find the Speaking Section— especially the Integrated Tasks—the most challenging section of the test. | Lesson 6 Reference Questions Reference questions ask you to look at a highlighted pronoun or other reference word in the passage. You are then given four nouns or noun phrases usually taken from the paragraph in the passage where the highlighted word is found. You must choose which of these words or phrases called the referent the highlighted word refers to. Two things to remember The referent almost always comes before the reference word in the passage. The referent is not always the noun that is closest to the reference word. Reading Here are some of the reference words you might be asked about Personal pronouns adjectives he him his she her hers it its they them their theirs Reflexive pronouns himself herself itself themselves Relative pronouns adverbs who whose whom which that where when Demonstrative pronouns adjectives this that these those may also be used before nouns or noun phrases this one that time these new ideas those problems Other reference words some few any none several both here there most many one ones another other others the former the latter some of these words may also be used in phrases some of these several examples both places most of which one theory another process To answer reference questions first look at the passage and read the sentence in which the highlighted word appears and a few of the sentences that come before this sentence. If you can t decide immediately which of the four answers is correct substitute each of the four choices for the highlighted reference word in the passage. Which one of the four is the most logical substitute Here is a part of one of the passages from the Reading Preview Test and a reference question about it 115 116 Section 1 Guide to Reading Sample For animals some barriers are behavioral. The blue spotted salamander lives only on mountain slopes in the southern Appalachian Highlands. Although these creatures could survive in the river valleys they never venture there. Birds that fly long distances .

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