TAILIEUCHUNG - Information Security: The Big Picture – Part III

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the protocol by which information is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer on the Internet has at least one address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. When you send or receive data (for example, an e-mail note or a web page), the message gets divided into little chunks called packets. Each of these packets contains both the sender's Internet address and the receiver's address. | Information Security The Big Picture - Part III Stephen Fried Information Security The Big Picture - SANS GIAC 2000 1 IP - The Internet Protocol Deals with transmission of packets between end points The fundamental protocol of the Internet Information Security The Big Picture - SANS GIAC 2000 2 The Internet Protocol IP is the protocol by which information is sent from one computer to another on the Internet. Each computer on the Internet has at least one address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet. When you send or receive data for example an e-mail note or a web page the message gets divided into little chunks called packets. Each of these packets contains both the sender s Internet address and the receiver s address. Any packet is sent first to a gateway computer that understands a small part of the Internet. The gateway computer reads the destination address and forwards the packet to an adjacent gateway that in turn reads the destination address and so forth across the Internet until one gateway recognizes the packet as belonging to a computer within its immediate neighborhood or domain. That gateway then forwards the packet directly to the computer whose address is specified. Because a message is divided into a number of packets each packet can if necessary be sent by a different route across the Internet. Packets can arrive in a different order than the order they were sent in. The Internet Protocol just delivers them. It s up to another protocol the Transmission Control Protocol TCP to put them back in the right order. IP is a connectionless protocol which means that there is no established connection between the end points that are communicating. Each packet that travels through the Internet is treated as an independent unit of data without any relation to any other unit of data. The reason the packets do get put in the right order is because of TCP the connection-oriented protocol that keeps track of the packet sequence in

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