TAILIEUCHUNG - Color Atlas of Pharmacology (Part 9): Systems Pharmacology

Drugs Acting on the Sympathetic Nervous System of the sympathetic division can be considered a means by which the body achieves a state of maximal work capacity as required in fight or flight situations. In both cases, there is a need for vigorous activity of skeletal musculature. To ensure adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients, blood flow in skeletal muscle is increased; cardiac rate and contractility are enhanced, resulting in a larger blood volume being pumped into the circulation. Narrowing of splanchnic blood vessels diverts blood into vascular beds in muscle. Because digestion of food in the intestinal tract. | Systems Pharmacology Lüllmann Color Atlas of Pharmacology 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 80 Drugs Acting on the Sympathetic Nervous System Sympathetic Nervous System In the course of phylogeny an efficient control system evolved that enabled the functions of individual organs to be orchestrated in increasingly complex life forms and permitted rapid adaptation to changing environmental conditions. This regulatory system consists of the CNS brain plus spinal cord and two separate pathways for two-way communication with peripheral organs viz. the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems. The somatic nervous system comprising extero- and interoceptive afferents special sense organs and motor efferents serves to perceive external states and to target appropriate body movement sensory perception threat response flight or attack . The autonomic vegetative nervous system ANS together with the endocrine system controls the milieu intérieur. It adjusts internal organ functions to the changing needs of the organism. Neural control permits very quick adaptation whereas the endocrine system provides for a long-term regulation of functional states. The ANS operates largely beyond voluntary control it functions autonomously. Its central components reside in the hypothalamus brain stem and spinal cord. The ANS also participates in the regulation of endocrine functions. The ANS has sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. Both are made up of centrifugal efferent and centripetal afferent nerves. In many organs innervated by both branches respective activation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic input evokes opposing responses. In various disease states organ malfunctions drugs are employed with the intention of normalizing susceptible organ functions. To understand the biological effects of substances capable of inhibiting or exciting sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves one must first envisage the functions subserved by the

• Y học thường thức
• Systems Pharmacology
• Color Atlas of Pharmacology
• bản đồ màu của dược
• giáo trình dược sĩ
• tài liệu học ngành dược
• Colour atlas of pharmacology
• General pharmacology
• cellular sites of action
• Distribution in the body
• Netters illustrated pharmacology
• Basic principles of pharmacology
• The autonomic
• Somatic nervous systems
• The cardiovascular system
• The endocrine system
• Drugs Acting on Motor Systems
• Handbook of experimental pharmacology
• Experimental pharmacology
• Molecular clocks
• The human circadian clock
• Proteomic approaches
• Circadian systems
• cardio respiratory
• renal systems
• clinical pharmacology
• dược lý lâm sàng
• Cholinergic
• antimuscarinic
• mechanismsand drugs
• Pharmacology for health professionals
• The respiratory system
• The urinary system
• The gastrointestinal system
• The endocrine and reproductive systems
• Antidiabetic drugs
• medical books
• pharmacology
• epidemiologic
• Obstetrics
• anatomy
• Preventing Morbidity
• Multidisciplinary Care
• BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology
• Adverse drug reaction
• Medical records systems
• Although adverse drug reactions
• Primary Care Clinical Informatics Unit
• Family practice
• Health systems and services
• Anti bacterial agents
• Drug utilization
• Practice guidelines
• BMC Pharmacology and Toxicolog
• Electronic cigarettes
• E cigarettes
• Electronic nicotine delivery systems
• Increased toxicity
• BMC Bioinformatics
• Gene expression analysis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Parkinson’s disease
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Drug repositioning
• Infectious disease
• Binding site similarity
• RNA directed RNA polymerase
• Lead (Pb2+)
• Postsynaptic Density
• Presynaptic neurotransmitter
• In vitro model systems
• Acute kidney injury
• Drug drug interaction
• Combination lithium
• Multiple organic systems
• Cardiovascular disease
• Public private partnership
• Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
• Public health systems
• Biotechnology
• Environmental biology
• Ornithology
• Protocols
• Synthetic Biology
• Protein kinase inhibitor
• Precision medicine
• Machine learning