TAILIEUCHUNG - Digital Signal Processing Handbook P69

The classical definition of a beamformer basically specifies its goal: to estimate the signal waveform arriving at the array from a given direction. Beamformers are spatial processors that combine the signals impinging on an array of | Barroso . Moura . Beamforming with Correlated Arrivals in Mobile Communications Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed. Vijay K. Madisetti and Douglas B. Williams Boca Raton CRC Press LLC 1999 1999 by CRC Press LLC 69 Beamforming with Correlated Arrivals in Mobile Communications1 Victor . Barroso Instituto Superior Técnico Instituto de Sistemas e Robética José . Moura Carnegie Mellon University Introduction Beamforming Minimum Output Noise Power Beamforming MNP MMSE Beamformer Correlated Arrivals MMSE Beamformer for Mobile Communications Model of the Array Output Maximum Likelihood Estimation of H Experiments Conclusions Acknowledgments References Introduction The classical definition of a beamformer basically specifies its goal to estimate the signal waveform arriving at the array from a given direction. Beamformers are spatial processors that combine the signals impinging on an array of captors. Combining the outputs of the captors forms a narrow beam pointing towards the direction of the source look direction . This narrow beam can discriminate between sources spatially located at distinct sites. This important property of beamformers is used to design techniques that localize active or passive sources particularly in RADAR SONAR systems. In the last two decades beamforming methods have had significant theoretical and practical advances. This together with other technological advances has broadened the application of sophisticated beamforming techniques to a diversity of areas including imaging geophysical and oceanographic exploration astrophysical exploration and biomedical. See 19 20 for an excellent overview of modern beamforming techniques and applications. Communications is another attractive application area for beamforming. In fact beamforming has been widely used for directional transmission and reception as well as for sector broadcasting in satellite communications systems. More recently due to the .

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