TAILIEUCHUNG - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 11 P23

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 11 P23 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | MILESTONES IN THE LAW DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA V. HELLER 207 The language used in the Second Amendment originated from the amendments proposed at the Virginia ratifying convention but the wording changed during the drafting process in the First Congress. Madison the initial drafter of the Amendment made several changes to the Virginia proposals notably merging the conscientious objector provision 19th with the right to bear arms and militia provisions 17th The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed a well armed and well regulated militia being the best security of a free country but no person religiously scrupulous of bearing arms shall be compelled to render military service in person. Gales Seaton s History of Debates in Congress Debates 451 1789 . Although the conscientious-objector clause did not survive the initial inclusion of the bear arms phrase in both the first and third clauses strongly supports the conclusion that Madison understood the Amendment as a whole to relate to military service alone. Madison s draft was revised to make the Amendment s exclusively military focus even clearer. A select House committee meeting in executive session transposed the first two clauses making the reference to a well regulated Militia more prominent and substituted a comma for the semicolon underscoring the connection between the two clauses. Id. at 170. The new structure and punctuation reflected the fact that the need to protect the right followed from the need for the militias. The committee shifted the militia s role from ensuring the security of a free country to the security of a free State highlighting the role of the militia in defending the state. Id. All remarks recorded in the House s debate related to military service none pertained to private use of weapons including self-defense. 1 Debates supra at 778-81 see Roy G. Weath-erup Standing Armies and Armed Citizens An Historical Analysis of the Second Amendment 2 Hastings Const. . 961

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