TAILIEUCHUNG - PORTABLE MBA IN FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING CHAPTER 16

16 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND THE FIRM. Theodore Grossman. INTRODUCTION. The personal use of information technology was discussed in an earlier chapter. This chapter will discuss the firm’s use of information technology. Of all the chapters in this book, the two dealing with information technology will have the shortest half-life. Because of the constant f low of new technology, what is written about today will have changed somewhat by tomorrow. | INFORMATION 16 TECHNOLOGY AND THE FIRM Theodore Grossman INTRODUCTION The personal use of information technology was discussed in an earlier chapter. This chapter will discuss the firm s use of information technology. Of all the chapters in this book the two dealing with information technology will have the shortest half-life. Because of the constant flow of new technology what is written about today will have changed somewhat by tomorrow. This chapter presents a snapshot of how technology is used today in industry finance and accounting. By the time you compare your experiences with the contents of this chapter some of the information will no longer be applicable. Change means progress. Unfortunately many companies will not have adapted consequently they will have lost opportunity and threatened their own futures. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE To understand the present and future of information technology it is important to understand its past. In the 1960s and 1970s most companies information systems were enclosed in the glass house. If you entered any company that had its own computer it was located behind a glass wall with a security system that allowed only those with access rights to enter the facility. One computer controlled all of a company s data processing functions. Referred to as a host centric environment the computer was initially used for accounting purposes accounts payable accounts receivable order entry payroll and so on. In the late 1970s and 1980s most companies purchased in-house 536 Information Technology and the Firm 537 computer systems and stopped outsourcing their data processing. Recognizing the power and potential of information technology companies directed the use of their technology toward operations marketing and sales and they created a new executive position Chief Information Officer CIO to oversee this process. In the 1980s many companies gradually changed from host centric to distributed computing. Instead of processing all of the .

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