TAILIEUCHUNG - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 8 P45

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 8 P45 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | 428 ROOSEVELT FRANKLIN DELANO FDR s Court Packing Plan A conservative bloc of judges emerged on the Supreme Court during the 1920s. Their conservatism was marked by a restrictive view of the federal government s power to enact a certain class of regulations falling under the heading of administrative law. Federal administrative law is an area of law comprised of orders rules and regulations that are promulgated by executive branch agencies that have been delegated quasi-lawmaking power by Congress. Justices Pierce Butler James McReynolds George Sutherland and Willis Van Devanter denied that the federal Constitution gave Congress the power to delegate its lawmaking function arguing that Article II of the Constitution expressly limited the executive branch to a law enforcement role. By the advent of the 1930s Butler McReynolds Sutherland and Van Devanter had become known as the Four Horseman because they consistently voted to strike down every federal law that involved any congressional delegation of lawmaking power to the executive branch. The Four Horsemen were usually joined by Justice Owen Roberts and Chief Justice Charles Hughes two conservatives of a more moderate and centrist temperament. Pitted against the conservative block was the so-called liberal wing of the Court comprised of Justices Benjamin Cardozo Louis Brandeis and Harlan Stone. The Court s composition presented a potential problem for Democrat presidential candidate Franklin Delano Roosevelt FDR who had promised voters a New Deal during the 1932 election. After FDR took the oath of office it became clear that his New Deal entailed the creation of a vast federal regulatory bureaucracy designed to stimulate the . economy and pull it out of the depression. The potential problem FDR faced transformed into an immediate crisis during 1935 when the Supreme Court issued a series of decisions that struck blows at the heart of the New Deal. First the Court struck down the Frazier-Lemke Act a law that

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