TAILIEUCHUNG - Mạng lưới giao thông và đánh giá hiệu suất P15

Packets are the basic unit of the Internet. Yet, most user operations involve more than one packet and user experience depends on the performance of the network on a set of packets. Thus it is not surprising that in today's Internet protocol (IP) networks sets of packets are starting to be used as the basis for network operations. The goals of the network operators include improving traf®c engineering by better load balancing and moving beyond best effort services. Operating on sets of packets is more ef®cient for network elements. In fact, per packet decisions may lead to undesired or even. | Self-Similar Network Traffic and Performance Evaluation Edited by Kihong Park Walter Willinger Copyright 2000 John Wiley Sons Inc. ISBNs 0-471-31974-0 Hardback 0-471-20644-X Electronic 15 CHARACTERISTICS OF TCP CONNECTION ARRIVALS Anja Feldmann AT T Labs-Research Shannon Laboratories Florham Park NJ 07932 INTRODUCTION Packets are the basic unit of the Internet. Yet most user operations involve more than one packet and user experience depends on the performance of the network on a set of packets. Thus it is not surprising that in today s Internet protocol IP networks sets of packets are starting to be used as the basis for network operations. The goals of the network operators include improving traffic engineering by better load balancing and moving beyond best effort services. Operating on sets of packets is more efficient for network elements. In fact per packet decisions may lead to undesired or even unstable solutions. At the edge of the Internet the transmission control protocol TCP offers the abstraction of a TCP connection each consisting of a set of packets. Within the center of the network or for non-TCP traffic a related connection abstraction is provided by an IP flow a group of related IP packets that are close in time. Examples of network resource allocation problems that arise on a per connection level include signaling to reserve buffers and bandwidth. Signaling could be initiated by the end system to achieve explicit quality of service QoS using protocols such as RSVP. Alternatively signaling could be initiated by a network element to achieve better load balancing or to provide QoS for certain types of traffic hi tins approach edge routers detect flows of related packets and implicitly establish dedicated connections through the network to carry this traffic. Finally individual network 367 368 CHARACTERISTICS OF TCP CONNECTION ARRIVALS routers could allocate resources for a flow to improve routing and forwarding performance. For example a router

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