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Scheduling Schemes for Handling Overload Scheduling Techniques in Overload Conditions This chapter presents several techniques to solve the problem of scheduling real-time tasks in overload conditions. In such situations, the computation time of the task set exceeds the time available on the processor and then deadlines can be missed. Even when applications and the real-time systems have been properly designed, lateness can occur for different reasons, such as missing a task activation signal due to a fault of a device, or the extension of the computation time of some tasks due to concurrent use of shared resources | Scheduling in Real-Time Systems. Francis Cottet Joëlle Delacroix Claude Kaiser and Zoubir Mammeri Copyright 2002 John Wiley Sons Ltd. ISBN 0-470-84766-2 4 Scheduling Schemes for Handling Overload Scheduling Techniques in Overload Conditions This chapter presents several techniques to solve the problem of scheduling real-time tasks in overload conditions. In such situations the computation time of the task set exceeds the time available on the processor and then deadlines can be missed. Even when applications and the real-time systems have been properly designed lateness can occur for different reasons such as missing a task activation signal due to a fault of a device or the extension of the computation time of some tasks due to concurrent use of shared resources. Simultaneous arrivals of aperiodic tasks in response to some exceptions raised by the system can overload the processor too. If the system is not designed to handle overloads the effects can be catastrophic and some paramount tasks of the application can miss their deadlines. Basic algorithms such as EDF and RM exhibit poor performance during overload situations and it is not possible to control the set of late tasks. Moreover with these two algorithms one missed deadline can cause other tasks to miss their deadlines this phenomenon is called the domino effect. Several techniques deal with overload to provide deadline missing tolerance. The first algorithms deal with periodic task sets and allow the system to handle variable computation times which cannot always be bounded. The other algorithms deal with hybrid task sets where tasks are characterized with an importance value. All these policies handle task models which allow recovery from deadline missing so that the results of a late task can be used. Handling Real-Time Tasks with Varying Timing Parameters A real-time system typically manages many tasks and relies on its scheduler to decide when and which task has to be executed. The scheduler in

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