TAILIEUCHUNG - Gale Encyclopedia Of American Law 3Rd Edition Volume 4 P39

Gale Encyclopedia of American Law Volume 4 P39 fully illuminates today's leading cases, major statutes, legal terms and concepts, notable persons involved with the law, important documents and more. Legal issues are fully discussed in easy-to-understand language, including such high-profile topics as the Americans with Disabilities Act, capital punishment, domestic violence, gay and lesbian rights, physician-assisted suicide and thousands more. | FEDERAL COURTS 369 The Supreme Court is empowered to hear cases on appeal that originate anywhere in the United States or its territories. Jurisdiction Jurisdiction is a broad legal term that means the authority of a court to hear and determine a controversy subject matter jurisdiction as well as its authority to bind the parties in the action personal jurisdiction . Before a court can exercise subject matter jurisdiction it must have personal jurisdiction of the parties otherwise any judgment rendered by it is null and void. The jurisdiction of a court is derived from constitutional provisions or from statute. Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. They can exercise only the jurisdiction they were specifically given by the constitution or federal law. Article iii of the constitution establishes the exclusive jurisdiction of federal courts in all cases whether based on law or equity that arise under the Constitution or laws or treaties of the united states that involve ambassadors consuls and other public ministers admiralty and maritime claims or the united states as a party or that arise between two or more states between a state and a citizen of another state between citizens of the same state claiming lands under grants of different states or between a state or its citizens and foreign states citizens or subjects. This article specifically gives the Supreme Court original jurisdiction to try cases affecting ambassadors public ministers and consuls and cases in which a state is a party. in all other cases the supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction It can review the decisions rendered by courts in which the action was tried or subsequently heard on appeal. The power of a federal court to hear matters arising under the Constitution federal law or treaty is called federal question jurisdiction. Its diversity-of-citizenship jurisdiction empowers it to determine controversies between parties who are citizens of different states. The controversy must .

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