TAILIEUCHUNG - FAILURE CONSIDERATIONS P4

where tt = time of exposure at the rth combination of stress level and temperature L1 = time required to produce creep strain 8D if entire exposure were held constant at the /th combination of stress level and temperature Stress rupture may also be predicted by () if the L1 values correspond to stress rupture. This prediction technique gives relatively accurate results if the creep deformation is dominated by stage II steady-state creep behavior. Under other circumstances the method may yield predictions that are seriously in error. . | COMBINED CREEP AND FATIGUE 443 hypothesis may be written as follows If a design limit of creep strain SD is specified it is predicted that the creep strain 8D will be reached when 7 1 i -1 where t time of exposure at the th combination of stress level and temperature L time required to produce creep strain 3D if entire exposure were held constant at the th combination of stress level and temperature Stress rupture may also be predicted by if the L values correspond to stress rupture. This prediction technique gives relatively accurate results if the creep deformation is dominated by stage II steady-state creep behavior. Under other circumstances the method may yield predictions that are seriously in error. Other cumulative creep prediction techniques that have been proposed include the time-hardening rule the strain-hardening rule and the life-fraction rule. The time-hardening rule is based on the assumption that the major factor governing the creep rate is the length of exposure at a given temperature and stress level no matter what the past history of exposure has been. The strain-hardening rule is based on the assumption that the major factor governing the creep rate is the amount of prior strain no matter what the past history of exposure has been. The life-fraction rule is a compromise between the time-hardening rule and the strain-hardening rule which accounts for influence of both time history and strain history. The life-fraction rule is probably the most accurate of these prediction techniques. COMBINED CREEP AND FATIGUE There are several important high-performance applications of current interest in which conditions persist that lead to combined creep and fatigue. For example aircraft gas turbines and nuclear power reactors are subjected to this combination of failure modes. To make matters worse the duty cycle in these applications might include a sequence of events including fluctuating stress levels at constant temperature .

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