TAILIEUCHUNG - Chapter 1: Electrochemical Energy Storage

Electrical energy plays an important role in our daily life. It can universally be applied and easily be converted into light, heat or mechanical energy. A general problem, however, is that electrical energy can hardly be stored. Capacitors allow its direct storage, but the quantities are small, compared to the demand of most applications. In general, the storage of electrical energy requires its conversion into another form of energy. In batteries the energy of chemical compounds acts as storage medium, and during discharge, a chemical process occurs that generates energy which can be drawn from the battery in form. | 1 Electrochemical Energy Storage D. BERNDT INTRODUCTION Electrical energy plays an important role in our daily life. It can universally be applied and easily be converted into light heat or mechanical energy. A general problem however is that electrical energy can hardly be stored. Capacitors allow its direct storage but the quantities are small compared to the demand of most applications. In general the storage of electrical energy requires its conversion into another form of energy. In batteries the energy of chemical compounds acts as storage medium and during discharge a chemical process occurs that generates energy which can be drawn from the battery in form of an electric current at a certain voltage. For a number of battery systems this process can be reversed and the battery recharged . the intake of electric energy can restore the chemical composition that contains higher energy and can closely reestablish the original structures within the battery. As a consequence two different battery systems exist Primary batteries that are designed to convert their chemical energy into electrical energy only once. Secondary batteries that are reversible energy converters and designed for repeated discharges and charges. They are genuine electrochemical storage systems. Copyright 2003 by Expert Verlag. All Rights Reserved. There is no clear border between them and some primary battery systems permit charging under certain conditions. Usually however their rechargeability is limited. The first part of this book Chapters 2 to 14 concerns batteries of larger capacities that are employed as standby batteries in stationary applications provide energy in vehicles like forklift trucks or stabilize an electrical network like the starter battery in motor cars. Rechargeable batteries usually are the choice in such applications since primary batteries would be too expensive for the required rather high capacity. The second part Chapters 15 to 19 regards batteries mainly in

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• Electrochemical Energy Storage
• the electrochemical cell
• the cell reaction
• fundamental laws
• cell reaction
• Environmental concerns
• Energy crisis
• Electrical energy storage
• Heteroatom doped carbon nanomaterials
• Electrochemical energy storage systems
• Techno Economic Analysis
• Electrochemical Energy
• Compressed Air
• Energy Storage Systems
• Flywheel Energy
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• Mesoporous carbon
• Vanadium pentoxide
• Prussian blue
• Prussian blue for energy storage
• One pot solvothermal
• The electrochemical capability
• Energy storage
• Advanced materials and devices
• The electrode materials
• Journal of Chemistry
• Conjugated polymers
• Optical properties
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• Electrochromic devices
• Manganese oxide nanomaterials
• Microbial fuel cell
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• Communications in Physics
• Preparation of nipt alloys
• Galvanic replacement reaction on Ni fimls
• Direct ethanol fuel cell
• NiPt alloy nanoparticles
• Ethanol oxida tion
• Direct fuel cell
• BMC Plant Biology
• X Ray micro computational tomography
• Programmed cell death
• Reaction wood
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• BMC Cancer
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• Proximity extension assay
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• Methane and propane mixtures
• The reaction length definitions
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• Fluorescent in situ hybridization
• Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction
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• Lung cancer
• Phosphoinositide kinase
• Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR)
• Meningeal cell
• Well balanced intracellular
• Neurological disorders
• Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)
• Immunofluorescence staining
• Chromatography A
• Multiple reaction monitoring
• Plant cell wall
• Phenolic compounds
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• Cell cycle arrest
• Zoledronate induces cell
• Osteogenic differentiation
• Small interfering RNAs
• Lung squamous cell carcinoma
• Claudin 3
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