TAILIEUCHUNG - Oracle SQL Plus The Definitive Guide- P37

Oracle SQL Plus The Definitive Guide- P37:Every day, computer professionals the world over wake up, travel to the office, sit down in front of a computer, and begin another day working with that database called Oracle. Programmers write queries and stored procedures. Database administrators monitor performance, make database changes, and perform other maintenance tasks. Operations people may need to back up or recover a database. | previous page page_327 next page Page 327 Privileges You Will Need To perform administrative tasks you need to have been granted one of the following two roles SYSOPER SYSDBA Exactly what you can do depends on which of the two roles has been granted to you. The SYSOPER role was created for computer operators who in the absence of a database administrator may need to perform such tasks as starting stopping and backing up the database. A user with the SYSOPER role is limited to the following commands STARTUP SHUTDOWN ALTER DATABASE OPEN ALTER DATABASE MOUNT ALTER DATBASE BACKUP ARCHIVE LOG RECOVER The SYSDBA role on the other hand is intended for database administrators. There are no restrictions on what a user with SYSDBA can do. These roles are granted at the database level just like any other role unless you are using operating-system authentication. In that case the operating system roles OSOPER and OSDBA correspond to SYSOPER and SYSDBA respectively. The Oracle Password File When you connect to a database instance Oracle needs a way to authenticate you as a valid user. Normally Oracle does this by looking at the DBA_USERS table to see if the password you have supplied matches the one stored in the database. This works fine when the database is up and running but what if it s not Most users do not connect to a database when it s closed. After all what would be the point Database administrators however need to be able to start and stop the database as well as perform other administrative tasks. That means they need to be able to connect and be authenticated even when the database is closed. The dilemma is that usernames and passwords are stored in the database and cannot be accessed when it s closed. To resolve this dilemma of needing to authenticate database administrators when the database is closed Oracle resorts to the method of storing their usernames and passwords in a file. This file is referred to as the password file and is encrypted for previous page .

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