TAILIEUCHUNG - The opposing action of stromal cell proenkephalin and stem cell transcription factors in prostate cancer differentiation

Loss of prostate cancer differentiation or de-differentiation leads to an untreatable disease. Patient survival would benefit if this can be prevented or reversed. Cancer de-differentiation transforms luminal-like (differentiated) adenocarcinoma into less luminal-like and more stem-like (undifferentiated) small cell carcinoma through a sequential activation of stem cell transcription factors (scTF) POU5F1, LIN28A, SOX2 and NANOG. | Liu BMC Cancer 2021 21 1335 https s12885-021-09090-y RESEARCH Open Access The opposing action of stromal cell proenkephalin and stem cell transcription factors in prostate cancer differentiation Alvin Y. Liu Abstract Background Loss of prostate cancer differentiation or de-differentiation leads to an untreatable disease. Patient survival would benefit if this can be prevented or reversed. Cancer de-differentiation transforms luminal-like differ- entiated adenocarcinoma into less luminal-like and more stem-like undifferentiated small cell carcinoma through a sequential activation of stem cell transcription factors scTF POU5F1 LIN28A SOX2 and NANOG. Like stem cells prostate small cell carcinoma express this quartet of scTF as well as a 10-fold lower level of β2-microglobulin B2M than that of differentiated cell types. In organ development prostate stromal mesenchyme cells mediate epithelial differentiation in part by secreted factors. Methods The identified prostate stromal-specific factor proenkephalin PENK was cloned and transfected into scTF B2Mlo stem-like small cell carcinoma LuCaP reprogrammed luminal-like s cTF B2Mhi LNCaP and luminal- like scTF B2Mhi adenocarcinoma LuCaP 70CR. The expression of scTF B2M and anterior gradient 2 AGR2 was ana- lyzed in the transfected cells. Results PENK caused down-regulation of scTF and up-regulation of B2M to indicate differentiation. When trans- fected into reprogrammed LNCaP PENK reversed the reprogramming by down-regulation of scTF with attendant changes in cell appearance and colony morphology. When transfected into LuCaP 70CR PENK up-regulated the expression of adenocarcinoma antigen AGR2 a marker associated with cancer cell differentiation. Conclusions Prostate cancer cells appear to retain their responsiveness to stromal PENK signaling. PENK can induce differentiation to counter de-differentiation caused by scTF activation. The many mutations and aneuploidy character- istic of cancer cells appear

• Y khoa - Dược
• BMC Cancer
• Prostate cancer differentiation
• Stromal factor PENK
• Stem cell factors
• Luminal like adenocarcinoma
• Stem like small cell carcinoma
• Differentiation marker AGR2
• Cancer patient pathways
• Colorectal cancer
• Lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Cancer detection
• Ovarian cancer symptoms
• Ovarian cancer signs
• Ovarian cancer tests
• Cancer biomarkers
• Pediatric cancer
• Familial cancer predisposition
• Hereditary cancer syndrome
• Genetic cancer susceptibility
• Advanced cancer
• Biliary tract cancer
• Multimodal intervention
• Pancreatic cancer
• Physical activity
• Breast cancer screening
• Familial breast cancer
• Young breast cancer survivors
• High risk relatives
• Randomized trial
• Childhood cancer
• Childhood cancer survivor
• Thyroid cancer screening
• Secondary cancer
• Cancer screening
• Community awareness
• Cancer education
• Cervical cancer
• Prior cancer
• Cancer survivors
• Cancer registry
• Second cancer
• Surgical oncology
• Cancer imaging
• Radiation oncologists
• Medical oncologists
• Oesophagogastric cancer
• Liver cancer
• Hepatobiliary cancer
• Multidisciplinary rehabilitation
• EGFR mutation
• Family history of cancer
• Inherited susceptibility
• Cancer predisposition genes
• Lung cancer aetiology
• Cancer stem cells
• Oct4 overexpressing lung cancer
• Human lung cancer xenograft model
• Disease free survivals
• Cancer hallmarks
• Cancer genesis
• Defiant disease
• Mutational signature
• Cancer diagnosis
• Cancer genomics
• Molecular medicine
• Whole genome sequencing
• Cancer susceptibility gene
• Breast cancer prognosis
• Next generation sequencing
• Quality of care
• Quality indicators
• Shifting cancer care
• German cancer society
• Colorectal cancer screening
• Stomach cancer screening
• Lung cancer survivor
• Physician recommendation
• Total number of lymph nodes
• Lymph node ratio
• Left colon cancer
• Right colon cancer
• Overall survival
• Cumulative incidence
• Esophageal cancer
• Head and neck cancer
• Metachronous cancer
• Young onset
• Reproductive cancer
• Risk factor
• Early detection of cancer
• Gastric cancer incidence
• Population based specialized registry
• Gastric cancer survival
• Gastric cancer clinical characteristics
• Gastric cancer pathological characteristics
• Lung Cancer Screening
• Racial disparities
• Lung Cancer diagnosis
• Screening adherence
• Second primary colorectal cancer
• Standardized incidence ratio
• Left sided colon cancer
• Right sided colon cancer
• Quality of cancer care
• Population based study