TAILIEUCHUNG - Cú pháp tiếng anh part 19

181 the ball ADV gently V roll V' PP down the hill The different positions occupied by the adverb gently in (44) and (45) reflect a subtle meaning difference between (43a) and (43b): (43a) means that the action which initiated the rolling motion was gentle, whereas (43b) means that the rolling motion itself was gentle. A light-verb analysis also offers us an interesting account of adverb position in sentences like: (46)(a) (b) He had deliberately rolled the ball gently down the hill *He had gently rolled the ball deliberately down the hill Let’s suppose that deliberately (by virtue of its meaning) can. | 181 the ball ADV V gently V PP .roll down the hill The different positions occupied by the adverb gently in 44 and 45 reflect a subtle meaning difference between 43 a and 43 b 43a means that the action which initiated the rolling motion was gentle whereas 43b means that the rolling motion itself was gentle. A light-verb analysis also offers us an interesting account of adverb position in sentences like 46 a He had deliberately rolled the ball gently down the hill b He had gently rolled the ball deliberately down the hill Let s suppose that deliberately by virtue of its meaning can only be an adjunct to a projection of an agentive verb . a verb whose subject has the thematic role of AGENT . If we suppose as earlier that the light-verb v 0 is a causative verb with an AGENT subject the contrast in 46 can be accounted for straightforwardly in 46a deliberately is contained within a vP headed by a null agentive causative light-verb but in 46b it is contained with a VP headed by the nonagentive verb roll. The verb roll is a nonagentive predicate because its subject has the -role THEME not AGENT. We can then say that adverbs like deliberately are adverbs which adjoin to a v-bar headed by an agentive light-verb but not to V-bar. This in turn might lead us to expect to find a corresponding class of adverbs which can adjoin to V-bar but not v-bar. In this connection consider the following contrasts adapted from Bowers 1993 47 a Mary jumped the horse perfectly over the last fence b Mary perfectly jumped the horse over the last fence Given the assumptions made here the derivation of 47a would be parallel to that in 45 while the derivation of 47b would be parallel to that in 44 . If we assume that the adverb perfectly in the relevant use can function only as an adjunct to a V-projection the contrast between 47a and 47b can be accounted for straightforwardly in 47a perfectly is adjoined to a V-bar whereas in 47b it is merged with a v-bar in violation of the requirement .

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