TAILIEUCHUNG - Cú pháp tiếng anh part 14

131 which is the complement of the verb taking, and yields the grammatical outcome (24b) since there is no violation of CED (extraction out of complement expressions being permitted by CED). By contrast, in (25) what is extracted out of a bracketed expression which is the subject (and hence specifier) of the auxiliary has, and since CED blocks extraction out of specifiers, the resulting sentence (25b) is ungrammatical. Likewise in (26) what is extracted out of a bracketed adjunct clause, and since CED blocks extraction out of adjuncts, (26b) is ungrammatical. (See Nunes and Uriagereka 2000 and Sabel 2002 for. | 131 which is the complement of the verb taking and yields the grammatical outcome 24b since there is no violation of CED extraction out of complement expressions being permitted by CED . By contrast in 25 what is extracted out of a bracketed expression which is the subject and hence specifier of the auxiliary has and since CED blocks extraction out of specifiers the resulting sentence 25b is ungrammatical. Likewise in 26 what is extracted out of a bracketed adjunct clause and since CED blocks extraction out of adjuncts 26b is ungrammatical. See Nunes and Uriagereka 2000 and Sabel 2002 for attempts to devise a Minimalist account of CED effects. In the light of Huang s CED constraint consider a sentence such as 27 How many survivors does there remain some hope of finding how many survivors Here the wh-phrase how many survivors has been extracted via wh-movement out of the bracketed expression some hope of finding how many survivors. Given that the Condition on Extraction Domains tells us that only complements allow material to be extracted out of them it follows that the bracketed expression in 27 must be the complement of the verb remain. By extension we can assume that the italicised expressions in 22 are likewise the complements of the bold-printed verbs. However the unaccusative complements italicised in structures like 22 differ in an important respect from the complements of typical transitive verbs. A typical transitive verb has a thematic subject and a thematic complement and assigns accusative case to its complement as in She hit him where hit has the nominative AGENT subject she and the accusative THEME complement him . Unlike transitive structures unaccusative structures like 22 have a non-thematic there subject which is non-thematic in the sense that it isn t a theta-marked argument of the verb but rather is a pure expletive and in languages which have a richer case system than English the italicised complement receives nominative NOM case as the .

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