TAILIEUCHUNG - Cú pháp tiếng anh part 13

121 marked degree adverb how to form the QP how many places (so that how is the specifier of this QP). Take how in all the examples in 7 to be a degree adverb modifying many. (Irrelevantly, 7c is grammatical on a different interpretation on which how is a manner adverb with a meaning paraphraseable as ‘In what way?’) In 11, consider the possibility that both if and whether are complementisers in Belfast English (though only if is a complementiser in Standard English). Model answer for (1) (1a) is derived as follows. The quantifier which is merged with the noun. | 121 marked degree adverb how to form the QP how many places so that how is the specifier of this QP . Take how in all the examples in 7 to be a degree adverb modifying many. Irrelevantly 7c is grammatical on a different interpretation on which how is a manner adverb with a meaning paraphraseable as In what way In 11 consider the possibility that both if and whether are complementisers in Belfast English though only if is a complementiser in Standard English . Model answer for 1 1a is derived as follows. The quantifier which is merged with the noun film to form the QP which film. This in turn is merged with the perfect participle verb seen to form the VP seen which film. This is merged with the present tense auxiliary have to form the T-bar have seen which film. The resulting T-bar is in turn merged with the pronoun you to form the TP you have seen which film. This is merged with a null C constituent containing TNS WH EPP features so forming the C-bar in i below which film The affixal TNS feature of C attracts the present tense auxiliary have to move from T to C. The WH EPP features of C attract the smallest possible maximal projection containing a wh-word to move to spec-CP. Since the smallest maximal projection containing the wh-quantifier which is the QP which film and since preposing this QP on its own leads to a convergent derivation which does not violate any syntactic constraints the QP which film moves to spec-CP. Assuming that the features of C are deleted once their requirements are satisfied the structure which results after head-movement and wh-movement have applied is that shown in simplified form below Exercise XII Discuss the derivation of the bracketed relative clauses in 1-6 below and the exclamative clauses in 7-8. Draw tree diagrams to show the structure of each of the relative exclamative clauses and say why they are grammatical or ungrammatical in standard present-day varieties of English 1a someone who you can talk to b someone you can talk to

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