TAILIEUCHUNG - Cú pháp tiếng anh part 3

21 (6)(a) (b) They can stay/leave/hide/die/starve/cry [verb] *They can gorgeous [adjective]/happily [adverb]/down [preposition]/door [noun] And the only category of word which can occur after very (in the sense of extremely) is an adjective or adverb, as we see from (7) below: (7)(a) (c) (e) He is very slow [very+adjective] (b) He walks very slowly [very+adverb] *Very fools waste time [very+noun] (d) *He very adores her [very+verb] *It happened very after the party [very+preposition] (But note that very can only be used to modify adjectives/adverbs which by virtue of their meaning are gradable and so can be qualified by words like very/rather/somewhat etc;. | 21 6 a They can stay leave hide die starve cry verb b They can gorgeous adjective happily adverb down preposition door noun And the only category of word which can occur after very in the sense of extremely is an adjective or adverb as we see from 7 below 7 a He is very slow very adjective b He walks very slowly very adverb c Very fools waste time very noun d He very adores her very verb e It happened very after the party very preposition But note that very can only be used to modify adjectives adverbs which by virtue of their meaning are gradable and so can be qualified by words like very rather somewhat etc adjectives adverbs which denote an absolute state are ungradable by virtue of their meaning and so cannot be qualified in the same way - hence the oddity of Fifteen students were very present and five were very absent where marks semantic anomaly. Moreover we can differentiate adjectives from adverbs in syntactic terms. For example only adverbs can be used to end sentences such as He treats her She behaved He worded the statement cf. 8 a He treats her badly adverb kind adjective shame noun under preposition b She behaved abominably adverb appalling adjective disgrace noun down preposition c He worded the statement carefully adverb good adjective tact noun in preposition And since adjectives but not adverbs can serve as the complement of the verb be . can be used after be we can delimit the class of gradable adjectives uniquely by saying that only adjectives can be used to complete a four-word sentence of the form They are very cf. 9 a They are very tall pretty kind nice adjective b They are very slowly adverb gentlemen noun astonish verb outside preposition Another way of differentiating between an adjective like real and an adverb like really is that adjectives are used to modify nouns whereas adverbs are used to modify other types of expression cf. 10 a There is a real crisis real noun b He is really nice really adjective c He walks really slowly really .

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