TAILIEUCHUNG - Các biến thể của tiếng anh part 9

We may know that they came from several parts of the south of England or Scotland, for example. But we also know that accents in England and Scotland may change considerably within a five-mile (eight-kilometre) radius, and we rarely know (a) precisely how many speakers from any particular area there were or (b) precisely where the people came from. In some ways, then, we are forced to do some linguistic detective work: ‘if this is the current make-up of the local accent,’ we have to ask, ‘what can the input varieties have been?’ Answering this question demands that. | 02 pages 001-136 6 8 02 1 26 pm Pag h 72 72 INTERNATIONAL VARIETIES OF ENGLISH would like to know about the linguistic background of those early colonisers. We may know that they came from several parts of the south of England or Scotland for example. But we also know that accents in England and Scotland may change considerably within a five-mile eight-kilometre radius and we rarely know a precisely how many speakers from any particular area there were or b precisely where the people came from. In some ways then we are forced to do some linguistic detective work if this is the current make-up of the local accent we have to ask what can the input varieties have been Answering this question demands that we understand what happens in the process of dialect mixture see the discussion in section . Dialect mixture is the process that occurs when speakers with two or more different accents come together and speak to each other. The mixture can occur on two levels. On the micro-level I change my accent to talk to you this is usually called accommodation . On the macrolevel the children who grow up in a society with no established accent of its own speak with a new accent which reflects some of the features of all the inputs. It is this macro-level mixture which is the most important when we are talking about accent-formation in new colonies but the macro-level mixture is based on precisely the kinds of modifications that we all make when we accommodate to other speakers. Thanks in particular to work done by Trudgill 1986 we know of some general principles which speakers seem to follow when accommodating to each other and according to which new dialects are formed out of old ones. Some of these principles may be ones which you yourself have experienced in dealing with people who talk a different way from the way you do. You may or may not hear yourself talk differently to different addressees or hear members of your family adjust their speech for example on the .

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