TAILIEUCHUNG - The NSSI family distress cascade theory

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a complex behaviour and occurs most commonly during adolescence. This developmental period is characterized by the drive to establish an equilibrium between personal autonomy and connectedness with primary caregivers. When an adolescent self-injures, caregivers often experience confusion about how to react. | Waals et al. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2018 12 52 https s13034-018-0259-7 Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The NSSI Family Distress Cascade Theory I A - s I c 1 I p v I zz D AÌ Ak r1 rThỶA r D z k 2 c r x px k x I A ĩ c 3 I I X KX KX x D x k ố 4 E X I I k x D c x z x A X I c 2 5 Lisa waais imke baetens Peter Rooer Stephen Lewis Hanna van rarys Eveline R. Goethals and Janis Whitlock6 Abstract Nonsuicidal self-injury NSSI is a complex behaviour and occurs most commonly during adolescence. This developmental period is characterized by the drive to establish an equilibrium between personal autonomy and connectedness with primary caregivers. When an adolescent self-injures caregivers often experience confusion about how to react. Reports of feeling guilt fear and shame are common in the wake of learning about a child s self-injury. This cascade of negative feelings and self-appraisals may lead to hypervigilance and increased caregiver efforts to control the child s behaviour. The adolescent may experience this as an intrusion leading to worse family functioning and increased risk of NSSI. This cascade is not well acknowledged or articulated in current literature. This article remedies this gap by presenting the NSSI Family Distress Cascade. Keywords Nonsuicidal self-injury Self-harm Parental secondary stress Family life cycle Cascade model Introduction Non-suicidal self-injury NSSI is defined as the direct deliberate destruction of one s own body tissue without suicidal intent 1 and includes behaviors such as cutting burning and hitting oneself. The risk for engaging in NSSI is particularly high in adolescence in which the onset is consistently found to be around 14-years of age 2 3 and lifetime prevalence rates are about 17 in community samples 4 . Engagement in NSSI is strongly associated with various adverse mental health outcomes such as low self-esteem depression anxiety and suicide attempts 5

• Tâm lý học
• Nonsuicidal self injury
• Parental secondary stress
• Family life cycle
• Cascade model
• Adolescent self injures