TAILIEUCHUNG - Handbook of Economic Forecasting part 48

Handbook of Economic Forecasting part 48. Research on forecasting methods has made important progress over recent years and these developments are brought together in the Handbook of Economic Forecasting. The handbook covers developments in how forecasts are constructed based on multivariate time-series models, dynamic factor models, nonlinear models and combination methods. The handbook also includes chapters on forecast evaluation, including evaluation of point forecasts and probability forecasts and contains chapters on survey forecasts and volatility forecasts. Areas of applications of forecasts covered in the handbook include economics, finance and marketing | 444 T Terasvirta 6. Lessons from a simulation study Building nonlinear time series models is generally more difficult than constructing linear models. A main reason for building nonlinear models for forecasting must therefore be that they are expected to forecast better than linear models. It is not certain however that this is so. Many studies some of which will be discussed later indicate that in forecasting macroeconomic series nonlinear models may not forecast better than linear ones. In this section we point out that sometimes this may be the case even when the nonlinear model is the data-generating process. As an example we briefly review a simulation study in Lundbergh and Terasvirta 2002 . The authors generate 106 observations from the following LSTAR model yt 1 exp - 10y-i 1 51 where et nid 0 1 . Model 51 may also be viewed as a special case of the neural network model 11 with a linear unit and a single hidden unit. The model has the property that the realization of 106 observations tends to fluctuate long periods around a local mean either around or . Occasionally but not often it switches from one regime to the other and the switches are relatively rapid. This is seen from Figure 1 that contains a realization of 2000 observations from 51 . As a consequence of the swiftness of switches model 51 is also nearly a special case of the SETAR model that Lanne and Saikkonen 2002 suggested for modelling strongly autocorrelated series. The authors fit the model with the same parameters as in 51 to a large number of subseries of 1000 observations estimate the parameters and forecast recursively up to 20 periods ahead. The results are compared to forecasts obtained from first-order linear autoregressive models fitted to the same subseries. The measure of accuracy is the relative efficiency RE measure of Mincer and Zarnowitz 1969 that is the ratio of the RMSFEs of the two forecasts. It turns out that the forecasts from the LSTAR model

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