TAILIEUCHUNG - Status of wetland birds in Chitwan national park, Nepal

The study on status of wetland birds in Chitwan National Park was carried out from February 5, 2014 to February 20, 2014. The study aimed to determine status and distribution pattern of wetland birds in Chitwan National Park. Study area was divided into four sectors viz; Sunachari to Sauraha, Sauraha to Kasara, Kasara to Rapti/Narayani confluence,and Rapti/Narayani confluence to Tribeni. The total number of wetland birds recorded in the study area was 36 species. Out of them, 15 were winter migratory birds belonging to 5 families, and 21 were residents belonging to 9 families. Among them, Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea) was the most abundant species. Mainly fish-eating bird species were observed at river confluences and shaded forest areas. It was noted that wetland birds are decreasing in number due to high anthropogenic disturbances such as massive sand mining, habitat loss, over fishing, livestock grazing, use of poisoning in wetlands, water pollution, mass tourist pressure in the park and proliferation of alien invasive species. | STATUS OF WETLAND BIRDS IN CHITWAN NATIONAL PARK NEPAL Praveen Kumar Jha Chetan Kumar Sharma ABSTRACT The study on status of wetland birds in Chitwan National Park was carried out from February 5 2014 to February 20 2014. The study aimed to determine status and distribution pattern of wetland birds in Chitwan National Park. Study area was divided into four sectors viz Sunachari to Sauraha Sauraha to Kasara Kasara to Rapti Narayani confluence and Rapti Narayani confluence to Tribeni. The total number of wetland birds recorded in the study area was 36 species. Out of them 15 were winter migratory birds belonging to 5 families and 21 were residents belonging to 9 families. Among them Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea was the most abundant species. Mainly fish-eating bird species were observed at river confluences and shaded forest areas. It was noted that wetland birds are decreasing in number due to high anthropogenic disturbances such as massive sand mining habitat loss over fishing livestock grazing use of poisoning in wetlands water pollution mass tourist pressure in the park and proliferation of alien invasive species. Key words Chitwan National Park Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea wetland abundant. INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Nepal has separated percent of total area for national parks conservation areas wildlife reserves and hunting reserve as protected land for valuable flora and fauna which is around 34 . DNPWC 2012 . There are 12 National Parks 1 Wildlife Reserve 1 Hunting Reserve 6 Conservation Areas and 12 Buffer Zones in and around the national parks and wildlife reserves DNPWC 2017 . About 5 percent of Nepal s total area 743 756 ha is covered with wetlands Anon 2008 and half of this is said to comprise the wet paddy fields. Rivers lakes ponds marshes and seasonal water bodies characterize Nepal s wetlands Bhandari 1998 p. 329 . Generally lakes in the higher mountains above 3000 m tend to be Mr Jha is a Lecturer Tri-Chandra Campus TU .

• Sinh học
• Chitwan National Park
• Ruddy Shelduck
• Tadorna ferruginea
• Alien invasive species
• Distribution pattern
• Drip irrigation
• Sandy loam soil
• Characterize the moisture distribution pattern
• Drip irrigation under sandy loam soil
• Better crop response
• Longhorn beetles
• Species composition
• Distribution pattern of longhorn beetles
• Climate changes
• Profound influence
• Deficit irrigation
• Drip system in maize
• Soil moisture distribution
• Influenced by deficit irrigation
• Ba Che and Tien Yen rivers
• Distributional pattern
• Migratory fish
• Fish distribution in the Ba Che
• Fish distribution in the Tien Yen rivers
• Nosocomial infection
• Gram negative non fermenting bacteria
• Resistant pattern
• Clinical isolates
• Rural population in South India
• Urinary tract infections
• Antimicrobial resistance
• Sensitivity pattern of urinary tract infection
• Gender wise distribution of positive
• Study participants
• Face detection
• Gaussian distribution
• Based adaboost algorithm
• Haar like pattern
• Weak classifier
• BMC Bioinformatics
• DNA methylation
• Bisulfite sequencing
• DNA methylation patterns
• Methylation pattern
• IMAQ Vision Builder
• Image Acquisition
• Image Distribution
• Gray Scale Operations
• Pattern Matching
• Morphology Functions
• Báo cáo lâm nghiệp hay
• cách trình bày báo cáo
• báo cáo lâm nghiệp
• công trình nghiên cứu lâm nghiệp
• tài liệu về lâm nghiệp
• Báo cáo sinh học hay
• báo cáo sinh học
• công trình nghiên cứu sinh học
• tài liệu về sinh học
• Seasonal rainfall
• Statistical distributions
• Goodness of fit–test
• Mann Kendall trend test
• Sen’s slope estimator
• BMC Pediatrics
• Developmental delays
• Preschool children
• Preventive medicine
• Inorganic fractions
• Release pattern
• Mussoorie rock phosphate
• Laboratory incubation experiment
• Inorganic P fractions in soils
• BMC Developmental Biology
• Drosophila melanogaster
• Cell communication
• Pattern formation
• Membrane potential
• Ion channel
• Ion pump
• Gap junction
• Wetting pattern
• Application rate
• Root distribution
• Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) crop
• Flood irrigation system
• BMC Genomics
• Biological function
• Expression pattern
• Plant specific protein kinase
• Biological processes
• Journal of Zoology
• Bufo bufo
• Haematopoietic cell
• Bone marrow
• Haematopoietic – stem cell isolation
• Femoral bone marrow isolation
• Community structure
• Functional group
• Poyang Lake region
• BMC Cancer
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• Lymph node metastasis
• Posterior to level V
• Radiotherapy target area
• Plant Biology
• Brassica napus
• Genome wide
• Expression patterns
• SNP distribution
• Hydraulic energy nozzle
• Hollow cone nozzle
• Discharge rate
• Swath width
• Spray angle
• Spray distribution pattern