TAILIEUCHUNG - Critical care and equipment in anaesthesia: Part 2

(BQ) Continued part 1, part 2 of the document Critical care and equipment in anaesthesia has contents: Filters and humidifiers, regional anaesthesia, critical care, surgical equipment relevant to anaesthetists, radiological equipment, miscellaneous, sample FRCA questions. Invite you to refer. | Chapter 7 Filters and humidifiers Passive Active 231 nra Passive humidifiers Fig. A heat and moisture exchangefilter HMEF . Fig. Schematic of an HMEF. Overview Humidifiers add heat and moisture to cool dry inspired gases. Passive humidifiers do not require external energy to function. The heat and moisture exchanger HME is the commonest passive humidification device used in anaesthesia. It is used in patients whose nasal passages the body s own HME are bypassed by an airway device such as an endotracheal tube ETT or laryngeal mask. Mechanical ventilation with cool dry gases is known to impair mucociliary clearance of sputum contribute to airway plugging and atelectasis as well as exacerbating intra-operative heat loss. HMEs are simple efficient devices that provide a solution to these problems. Uses HMEs are incorporated into breathing systems in most ventilated patients. They are also attached to tracheostomy tubes in patients who no longer require a breathing system. These are known by several different terms including Swedish nose Thermal Humidifying Filter Artificial nose Thermovent T and the Edith Trach. HMEs can also be combined with electrostatic microbial filters HME filters HMEF so that they also protect the ventilated patient and equipment from particulate matter including some bacteria. How it works An HME is a passive device that recovers and retains heat and moisture during expiration and then returns it to cool dry gas that passes in the opposite direction on inspiration. An HME comprises a core of material within a plastic casing. The ability of an HME to recover and transfer heat and moisture depends largely on the characteristics of the material within its core. HMEs can be classified into three groups each with their own particular performance characteristics based on the nature and configuration of their core material hydrophobic water repelling HMEs hygroscopic water .

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• Equipment anaesthesia
• Critical care
• Regional anaesthesia
• Critical care
• Radiological equipment
• Surgical equipment relevant
• Medical gases
• Airway equipment
• Breathing systems
• Anaesthetic agents
• Monitoring equipment