TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Programming languages (2/e): Chapter 8b - Tucker, Noonan

Chapter 8b - Semantics with dynamic typing. Here we consider the semantics of a dynamically typed language in order to examine the difference between statically and dynamically typed languages more fully. We use the same method of presentation as in section . | Programming Languages 2nd edition Tucker and Noonan Chapter 8 Semantic Interpretation To understand a program you must become both the machine and the program. A. Perlis Contents State Transformations and Partial Functions Semantics of Clite Semantics with Dynamic Typing A Formal Treatment of Semantics Dynamically Typed Languages Scripting: Perl, Python, PHP Object-oriented: Smalltalk, Ruby Functional: Scheme, ML, Haskel Logic: Prolog Our example: dynamically typed C++Lite int main( ) { n =3; i =1; f = ; while (i < n) { i = i + 1; f = f * float(i); } } Step Stmt n i f 1 3 -- -- -- 2 4 3 -- -- 3 5 3 1 -- 4 6 3 1 5 7 3 1 6 8 3 2 7 6 3 2 8 7 3 2 Step Stmt n i f 9 8 3 3 10 6 3 3 11 10 3 3 Perl vs. Python Perl: implicit conversions, distinct operators “2” < “10” : true – numeric comparison “2” lt “10” : false – string comparison 2 lt “10” : false – 2 converted to “2” Python: explicit conversions required “2” < “10” : false – string comparison 2 < “10” : error Meaning Rule The meaning of a Program is the meaning of its body when given an empty initial state. Variables declared as encountered Type of a variable is type of is value In factorial: i, n – int f – float C++Dynamic Statement = Skip

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