TAILIEUCHUNG - Time-dependent changes in distribution patterns of soil bulk density and penetration resistance in a rangeland under overgrazing

High soil bulk density and penetration resistance as an indication of soil compaction affect soil infiltration and runoff. Overgrazed rangelands are under severe erosion risk because of soil compaction. | Research Article Turk J Agric For 35 (2011) 195-204 © TÜBİTAK doi: Time-dependent changes in distribution patterns of soil bulk density and penetration resistance in a rangeland under overgrazing Ekrem Lütfi AKSAKAL, Taşkın ÖZTAŞ, Müdahir ÖZGÜL Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil Science, 25240 Erzurum - TURKEY Received: Abstract: High soil bulk density and penetration resistance as an indication of soil compaction affect soil infiltration and runoff. Overgrazed rangelands are under severe erosion risk because of soil compaction. The objective of this study was to determine changes in soil bulk density and penetration resistance in a high altitude rangeland within a 3-month grazing period. A 5-ha rangeland (200 × 250 m) was transected with intervals of 25 × 5 m, and soil penetration resistance was measured at 459 points in the 20-cm surface soil layer on 3 different dates (15 July, 15 August, and 15 September). At each intersection of the 50 × 50 m interval grid system, 30 undisturbed soil samples were taken to determine soil bulk density. Semivariogram and punctual kriging analyses were used to define spatial variability in bulk density and penetration resistance measurements. The results indicated that the mean bulk density did not show a clear trend with -3 grazing intervals and produced values of , , and g cm for July, August, and September, respectively. Soil penetration resistance was higher than the critical penetration resistance (3 MPa) for root growth at all measurement points. The mean soil penetration resistance increased about in August as compared with July, and it was more or less constant in the following month. Key words: Bulk density, overgrazing, penetration resistance, rangeland, soil compaction, spatial variability Yoğun otlatma altındaki merada toprak hacim ağırlığı ve penetrasyon direnci yersel değişkenliğinin zamansal değişimi Özet: Yüksek toprak hacim ağırlığı

• Nông nghiệp
• Bulk density
• Penetration resistance
• Soil compaction
• Spatial variability
• High soil bulk density
• Textural class
• Saturated hydraulic conductivity
• Soils in Hirakud command area
• Continuous irrigation
• Continuous irrigation on soil texture
• Green manures
• Organic carbon
• Economics involved in its incorporation
• In situ incorporation green manures
• Soil organic carbon
• Bulk heterojunction
• Solar cells
• Copper oxide nanoparticles
• Thin films
• Photo current density
• External quantum efficiency
• Renewal theory
• Discrete time
• Bulk renewal process
• Generating function
• Asymptotic results
• Renewal density
• Artificial neural networks
• Cone index
• Regression models
• Water content
• Arya and Paris model
• Particle size distribution
• Scaling parameter
• Soil water retention curve
• Minimum tillage
• Wheat yields
• Conventional tillage
• Infiltration functions
• Furrow irrigation
• Wetted perimeter
• Wet bulk density
• Initial soil water content
• Aggregate stability
• Corn growing field
• Organic manures
• Physico chemical properties
• Chilli cultivation
• Caliper Method
• Buoyancy Method
• Helium Displacement Pycnometer
• Mucury Intrusion Posimetry
• Physical properties
• Measurement techniques
• Land use systems
• Organic matter accumulation
• Total porosity
• Maximum water holding capacity
• Bulk density models
• Carbon cycle
• Carbon stock
• Pedotransfer function
• SOC stock
• Predicting draft requirement
• Tillage implements
• Pull type load cell in southern
• Bermuda grass
• Korean grass
• St augustine grass
• Centipede grass
• Soil bulk density
• Soil EC
• Soil porosity
• Rice straw mulch
• Rice husk mulch
• Coirpith compost mulch
• Available soil N
• P2O5 and K2O
• Biomass material
• Calorific value
• Cutting capacity
• Energy requirement
• Volatile matter content
• Tractor drawn rotavator
• College farm to evaluate
• Soil bulk density after tillage treatment
• Tillage treatment by harrow
• Establishment methods
• Moisture regimes
• Hydraulic conductivity
• Infiltration rate
• Penetration resistance of soil
• Organic matter
• Bio fertilizer
• Awareness camp
• Far western development
• Clodinafop+ Metsulfuron
• Hand weeding
• Weed management
• Cold extrusion
• Response surface methodology
• Jaggery based cold extruded products
• Agro processing industries
• Soil texture
• Water holding capability
• Porosity etc
• Sunflower spinachsunflower crop rotation
• Poplar based agro forestry
• C sequestration
• available P
• Available K