TAILIEUCHUNG - Introduction to Computing (10)

CSC to Computing Lecture 10 Dr. Iftikhar Azim Niaz. ianiaz@. 1Last Lecture How Computer Stores Text Codes. q EBCDIC, ASCII, Extended ASCII and Binary Boolean Central Processing Unit (CPU). q Control Unit and Machine Cycle. Consists of electronic components. q store instructions waiting to be executed by the. processor. q data needed by those instructions, and. q results of processing the data (information)n Stores both programs and data. q CPU cannot hold Small chips on the motherboard or on a small. circuit board attached with motherboard. q Allows CPU to store and retrieve data More memory makes a computer faster. 3 Von Neumann Architecture. q Concept of stored Memory stores three basic categories of items:. q operating system and other system. q application programs and. q data being processed and resulting information 4 Memory Bit –smallest storage Byte (character)– smallest addressable unit. q Room vs Each memory cell has an An addresses is a unique number that. identifies the location of a byte in memory 5Memory Byte is a basic storage unit in Memory and storage devices size is measured. in KB, MB, GB or TB. 6 What Memory Stores?.n Store Instructions waiting to be executed. by the Data needed by those instructions, Results of processing the Stores three basic categories of items:. 7Types of Memory. 8 Non Volatile Memory Read Only Memory (ROM).n Holds data when power is Basic Input Output System (BIOS).n Power On Self Test (POST). 9ROM Types. 10 Types of Written during manufacture. q Very expensive for small Programmable (once). q PROM. q Needs special equipment to Read “mostly” than write operation. q Erasable Programmable (EPROM). n Optically erased by UV. q Electrically Erasable (EEPROM). n Takes much longer to write than read. q Flash memory. n Erase whole memory electrically 11Flash Data is stored using physical Special form of nonvolatile Camera cards, USB key Microwave, Cars. 12 Flash Can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. q high density NAND type must also be programmed. and read in (smaller) blocks, or pages,. q NOR type allows a single machine word (byte) to be. written or read Limitations. q Block erasure. q Memory wear. q Read disturb 13Flash Memory. 14Flash Flash memory can be erased electronically. and rewritten. q CMOS technology provides high speeds and. consumes little power. Requires power to hold Random Access Memory (RAM).n Data in RAM has an CPU reads data using the CPU can read any address. 16 Misnamed as all semiconductor memory is. random access. q random access means individual words of memory. are directly accessed through

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