TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Surgery at a glance (5/E): Part 2

(BQ) Part 2 book “Surgery at a glance” has contents: Thyroid malignancies, parathyroid disease, pituitary disorders, ischaemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, extracranial arterial disease, postoperative pulmonary complications, and other contents. | 44 Oesophageal carcinoma DISTRIBUTION TYPES Postcricoid (10%) • Iron deficiency • Smoking Malignant stricture Malignant ulcer Invasive mass EFFECTS/SPREAD Upper/middle 1/3 (40%) • Smoking • Diet • Achalasia Carcinoma arising in Barrett’s Lower 1/3 - junctional (50%) • Barrett's oesophagus Supraclavicular node (Virchow's) Dyspnoea Cough Haemoptysis Mediastinal nodes AF Pericardial effusion TNM STAGING Muscle Gastric nodes Pleural effusion Adventitia Submucosa Dysphagia Dyspepsia T3 N3 >–7 +ve N2 3–6 +ve T4a Bone Type I and II junctional Total gastrectomy + Roux-en-y loop NO No +ve NOC NI 1–2 +ve T4b SURGICAL OPTIONS Type III junctional (large stomach element) Lung Mucosa TIS T1a T1b T2 Postcricoid Upper 1/3 Oesophagogastrectomy Oesophagectomy + interposition graft interposition graft Pharyngo(laryngo) oesophagectomy + 108  Surgery at a Glance, Fifth Edition. Pierce A. Grace and Neil R. Borley. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Definition Malignant lesion of the epithelial lining of the oesophagus. Key points • All new symptoms of dysphagia should raise the possibility of oesophageal carcinoma. • Adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is increasingly common. • Only a minority of tumours are successfully cured by surgery. Epidemiology • Male : female 3:1, peak incidence 50–70 years. High incidence in areas of China, Russia, Scandinavia, among the Bantu in South Africa and black males in the USA. • Adenocarcinoma has the fastest increasing incidence of any carcinoma in the UK. Aetiology Predisposing factors: • Alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. • Chronic oesophagitis and Barrett’s oesophagus – possibly related to biliary reflux. • Stricture from corrosive (lye) oesophagitis. • Achalasia. • Plummer–Vinson syndrome (oesophageal web, mucosal lesions of mouth and pharynx, iron deficiency anaemia). • Nitrosamines. • Elevated BMI – increased risk for adenocarcinoma. Pathology • Histological

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• Thyroid malignancies
• Parathyroid disease
• Pituitary disorders
• Ischaemic heart disease
• Valvular heart disease
• Peripheral arterial disease
• Extracranial arterial disease
• Postoperative pulmonary complications
• BMC Cancer
• Thyroid malignancy
• Types of thyroid malignancy
• Thyroid carcinoma
• Thyroid enlarged
• Undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma
• Advocacy and communication
• Thyroid Cancer
• Spanish Population
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C
• BMC Anesthesiology
• Electrical impedance tomography
• General anaesthesia
• Postoperative complications
• Pulmonary function tests
• BMC Pulmonary Medicine
• Postoperative pulmonary complication
• Pulmonary diseases
• Obstructive pulmonary diseases
• Surgical factors
• BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
• Abdominal aortic balloon
• Pelvic and sacrum tumor resection
• Ischemia reperfusion lung injury
• Lung ultrasound
• Point of care ultrasound
• Perioperative care
• Oral and maxillofacial surgery
• Fibular free flap reconstruction
• Lung mechanics
• Mechanical ventilation
• Intraoperative ventilator settings
• Brain surgery
• Thoracic epidural anesthesia
• Blood transfusion
• Independent risk factors
• Esophageal cancer patients
• One lung ventilation
• Current practice of intraoperative ventilation
• Inspired oxygen fraction
• Lung protective ventilation
• Postoperative analgesia
• Thoracic surgery
• Blood gas analysis
• Cytoreductive surgery
• Diaphragmatic resection
• Ovarian cancer patients
• Pleural effusion
• Thoracic computed tomography
• Repeat pulmonary resection
• Multiple lung cancer
• Postoperative complication
• Video assisted thoracic surgery
• Metastatic lung tumor
• Spinal analgesia
• Postoperative respiratory failure
• Pulmonary complications
• Intrathecal morphine analgesia
• Obstructive sleep apnea
• Residual neuromuscular blockade
• Neuromuscular blocking agents
• Lung cancer
• Pulmonary resection
• Pulmonary emphysema
• Destroyed lung
• Risk factor
• Nontuberculous mycobacteria
• General anesthesia
• Perioperative complications
• Respiratory tract fistula
• Bronchopleural fistula
• Computed tomography
• Laparoscopic surgery
• Perioperative ventilation
• Protective ventilation
• Respiratory mechanics
• Driving pressure
• Traumatic brain injury
• Optic nerve sheath diameter
• Surgical procedures
• Tracheal stenosis
• Stents removal
• Fluid therapy
• Pulmonary edema