TAILIEUCHUNG - Evaluation of genotoxic and cytologic effects of environmental stress in wheat species with different ploidy levels

Drought and salinity induce biochemical, physiological, morphological, and genetic responses in plants. To understand the damage to different wheat species caused by these stresses, we investigated root-shoot growth, cell division, chromosomal aberrations and nucleolus organizer regions (AgNORs) in root tip cells. | Turkish Journal of Biology Research Article Turk J Biol (2016) 40: 580-588 © TÜBİTAK doi: Evaluation of genotoxic and cytologic effects of environmental stress in wheat species with different ploidy levels 1, 2 2 Sefa PEKOL *, Mehmet Cengiz BALOĞLU , Yasemin ÇELİK ALTUNOĞLU 1 Faculty of Education, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey 2 Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey Received: Accepted/Published Online: Final Version: Abstract: Drought and salinity induce biochemical, physiological, morphological, and genetic responses in plants. To understand the damage to different wheat species caused by these stresses, we investigated root-shoot growth, cell division, chromosomal aberrations, and nucleolus organizer regions (AgNORs) in root tip cells. Inhibition of root and shoot growth were observed in diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid wheat genotypes after salt and drought stresses. Both stresses had adverse effects on dividing cells in root tips of all wheat species and caused a decrease in mitotic index values. Salt and drought lead to the induction of chromosome aberrations and repression of interphase AgNOR parameters. Both treatments produced different mitotic abnormalities including chromosomal stickiness, c-mitosis, and micronuclei formation, which indicated their action on the mitotic spindle. Reduction in AgNOR parameters showed that salt and drought may decrease the level of ribosomal biogenesis and reduce the length of the cell cycle. Because of the toxicity of Na ions, salinity inhibited all parameters at a higher degree than drought in all Triticum species. Cytotoxic effects of salinity and drought were mainly observed in meristematic cells in all wheat species. This comprehensive analysis may provide valuable information for understanding the effects of salt and drought

• Sinh học
• Triticum species
• Abiotic stress
• Root growth
• Chromosome abnormalities
• AgNOR parameters
• Agro morphological characterization
• Wild wheat Aegilops L
• Wild wheat Triticum L
• Cultivated wheat
• Tetraploid wheat
• Triticum L
• species
• T
• durum Desf
• dicoccum
• dicoccoides
• Isozyme polymorphism
• Genetic markers
• Genetic variation
• Aspartate aminotransferase
• Aegilops L
• Residue management
• Weed control
• Zero tillage
• Triticum aestivum L
• Performance of zero till wheat
• Influenced by residue
• Rice based cropping system
• Oulema melanopiis L
• Specific phenotypical
• Arabidopsis Heynh
• Plant species
• BMC Plant Biology
• Chloroplast proteomics
• Reactive oxygen species
• 5 aminolevulinic acid
• Drought stress
• Protecting plant growth
• BMC Biotechnology
• Diploid wheat
• Immature embryos
• Particle bombardment
• Stable transformation
• Plant regeneration
• Transgene inheritance
• Allelic diversity
• VRN 1 gene
• First intron
• Triticum dicoccoides
• Diversity array technology
• Disease resistance in wheat roots
• Gaeumannomyces graminis
• Soil borne fungal pathogen
• Take all disease
• Triticum monococcum
• Genome Biology
• Bread wheat
• Genetic diversity
• Triticum aestivum
• Incomplete genome
• Genome landscape
• Quantitative trait loci
• BMC Genomics
• Genome wide polymorphisms
• Genome differentiation
• RNA sequencing
• Diploid species
• Journal of Botany
• Aluminum stress
• DNA methylation
• iPBS profile
• Genomic instability