TAILIEUCHUNG - Simple experimental setups for observing wave-particle and entanglement-separability superpositions

In this work, we suggest simple setups, which resort to neither any extra quantum resources nor controlled-Hadamard gates, to observe such superpositions as well as entanglement-separability superpositions with tunable entanglement degree. The suggested setups can also serve as an interaction-free method to detect partially absorbing objects. | Communications in Physics, Vol. 26, No. 2 (2016), pp. 99-109 DOI: SIMPLE EXPERIMENTAL SETUPS FOR OBSERVING WAVE-PARTICLE AND ENTANGLEMENT-SEPARABILITY SUPERPOSITIONS NGUYEN BA AN† Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi, Vietnam † E-mail: nban@ Received 23 August 2016 Accepted for publication 22 September 2016 Abstract. It has been long believed that wave and particle cannot be superposed. Recently, however, modern quantum techniques have allowed one to prepare photon wave-particle superpositions experimentally. In this work, we suggest simple setups, which resort to neither any extra quantum resources nor controlled-Hadamard gates, to observe such superpositions as well as entanglement-separability superpositions with tunable entanglement degree. The suggested setups can also serve as an interaction-free method to detect partially absorbing objects. Keywords: wave-particle superposition, entanglement-separability superposition. Classification numbers: , . I. INTRODUCTION The microworld is governed by quantum mechanics which has been built on a set of postulates and principles. One of the most important principles is the complementarity principle conceived by Niels Bohr [1]. According to that principle, quantum states inherently possess complementary features which cannot be exposed simultaneously in one and the same experimental setup. Wave-like and particle-like nature are two such complementary properties of micro-objects. For instance, to observe a photon as a particle a device sketched in Fig. 1a is employed. A photon injected into path a will be registered by either photodetector Dc or photodetector Dd with an equal probability of 1/2, no mater what is the value of the phase shift ϕ. A click by Dc (Dd ) reveals the path a → c (b → d) gone by the photon which must have been a particle. If a second balanced beam-splitter is placed as shown in .

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