TAILIEUCHUNG - Chương 4: cách nạp tiền vào hệ thống SYSTEMS

The study of geology, soils in the selection of sites for water spreading or infiltration recharging system are rather more important than for any well recharging systems. The basic aspects, which are considered, are: Moving the water through the vadose zone Making the water move through aquifer away from infiltration recharge sites so as to raise water buildup of ground water mound or ridge Therefore, for infiltration recharge systems the following area characteristics are desirable. | CHAPTER - IV INFILTRATION RECHARGE SYSTEMS CHAPTER - IV INFILTRATION RECHARGE SYSTEMS GENERAL The study of geology soils in the selection of sites for water spreading or infiltration recharging system are rather more important than for any well recharging systems. The basic aspects which are considered are Moving the water through the vadose zone Making the water move through aquifer away from infiltration recharge sites so as to raise water buildup of ground water mound or ridge Therefore for infiltration recharge systems the following area characteristics are desirable The soils on ground surface should be permeable to conduct infiltration The Vadose or unsaturated zone must be permeable and free from clay layers The aquifer to be recharged must be unconfined and permeable and sufficiently thick to avoid rise of ground water mounds close to land surface Ground water table must be deep may be beyond 8 to 10 meters below ground surface. HYDROLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS Infiltration rates of soil hydraulic conductivities of water transmission are required to be considered in constructing infiltration recharge system. Hydraulic conductivities K-values Normally the values of K are field measured or determined in laboratory. The values of K-for different types of soils which serve purposes for assessing the final infiltration rates of soils which are close to these values are given below. These can be used in the absence of measured values of soils under recharge. K-values however must be measured for a particular site for efficient results as far as possible. Hydraulic conductivities K-values of various soils in m day are given in table below- Table Hydraulic Conductivities Sl. No. Soils K-values m day 1. Clay surface 2. Deep clay lay er 10-8-10-2 3. Loam 4. Fine sand 1-5 5. Medium sand 5-20 6. Coarse sand 20-100 7. Gravel 100-1000 8. Sand and gravel 5-100 9. Clay sand gravel 13 For infiltration systems the K must be measured in vertical .

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