TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture Tourism: Principles, practices, philosophies (12th edition): Chapter 9 - Charles R. Goeldner, J. R. Brent Ritchie
Chapter 9 - Motivation for pleasure travel. After completing this unit, you should be able to: Adopt a professional approach to motivation and recognize differences in other people ’ s motives, appreciate the range of ideas on travel motivation, including historical accounts and psychological theories, be aware of contemporary research practices in tourism that integrate motive and destination feature assessments. | Motivation for Pleasure Travel 9 LEARNING OBJECTIVES Adopt a professional approach to motivation and recognize differences in other people’s motives. Appreciate the range of ideas on travel motivation. Be aware of contemporary research practices in tourism that integrate motive and feature destination assessments. Be familiar with conceptual approaches to tourism motivation and recognize there is continual development and enhancement of ideas in this field. IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF TRAVEL MOTIVATION The study of all types of human motivation is a part of Psychological Theory of human personality—or what makes people different. A summary of some major theories in psychology that deal with motivation is given in Table . In particular, such motives are personal control, love, sex, competence, acceptance, self- development, respect, curiosity, security, understanding, and self-actualization have been identified as being relevant. MORE SPECIFIC MARKET RESEARCH QUESTIONS ARE REFLECTED IN STUDIES OF “TRAVEL BENEFITS” . Loker & Perdue (1992) study of visitors to North Carolina identified six major “Benefit Segments” of Holiday Traveling: Excitement & escape segment Pure adrenaline/excitement segment Family & friends-oriented segment Naturalists (those who enjoyed natural surroundings) Segment that emphasized the value of escape itself An “All Benefits” segment TRAVEL SURVEY QUESTIONS PROVIDE INSIGHTS INTO NATURE OF TRAVEL MOTIVATION Basic passport questions seek to identify major purposes of travel: Business Leisure/vacation to visit friends & relatives (VFR) Conventions/meetings “Other” reasons REQUIREMENTS OF A SOUND THEORY OF TOURIST MOTIVATION Role of the theory Ownership and appeal of the theory Ease of communication Ability to measure travel motivation Multi-motive versus single trait approach Dynamic versus snapshot approach Roles of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation Travelers tend to be more selective in their emphasis on travel motives with experience Self-esteem/development needs Fulfillment needs Relationship needs Safety/security needs Physiological Other-directed Self-directed Other-directed Self-directed Self-directed Other-directed Externally oriented Internally oriented Travelers have multiple motives in their pattern of needs even though one category of needs may be more dominant Need for self-actualization Need for flow experiences Need for status Need for respect and recognition Need for achievement Need for self-development Need for growth Need for curiosity/mental stimulation Need for mastery, control, competence Need for self-efficacy Need to repeat intrinsically satisfying behaviors Need to reduce anxiety about others Need to affiliate Need to give love, direction Need to reduce anxiety Need to predict and explain the world Need for security Need for escape, excitement, curiosity Need for arousal, external excitement and stimulation Need for sex, eating, drinking Need for relaxation (manage arousal level) A “spine” or “core” of needs for nearly all travelers seems to include relationships, curiosity, and relaxation © 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Inc. All Rights Reserved
đang nạp các trang xem trước
