TAILIEUCHUNG - Dynamic Mechanical Analysis P2

The result of applying a stress is a strain. There are many types of strain, developed for specific problems. ˙ deforms the sample at a constant strain rate, g , and measures the stress with a load cell resulting a stress (y-axis)–strain (x-axis) curve. Alternatively, we could apply a constant stress as fast as possible and watch the material deform under that load. This is the classical engineering creep experiment. If we also watch what happens when that stress is removed, we have the creep–recovery experiment (Figure ). These experiments complement DMA and are discussed in Chapter 3. Conversely, in the. | FIGURE Force vs. stress. Stress is force divided by area While the force is a constant at 250 ft-lb the stress changes greatly as the area changes. 1999 CRC Press LLC Cauchy or Engineering Strain Henchy or True Strain Kinetic Theory of Rubber Strain Kirchhoff Strain Mumaghan Strain 8 AL L0 8 In AL L0 8 1 3 L LO- LO L 2 8 l 2 L L0 2-l 8 1 2 1- LO L 2 FIGURE The result of applying a stress is a strain. There are many types of strain developed for specific problems. deforms the sample at a constant strain rate g and measures the stress with a load cell resulting a stress y-axis -strain x-axis curve. Alternatively we could apply a constant stress as fast as possible and watch the material deform under that load. This is the classical engineering creep experiment. If we also watch what happens when that stress is removed we have the creep-recovery experiment Figure . These experiments complement DMA and are discussed in Chapter 3. Conversely in the stress relaxation experiment a set strain is applied and the stress decrease over time is measured. Finally we could apply a constant force or stress and vary the temperature while watching the material change Figure . This is a TMA thermomechanical analysis experiment. Thermomechanical analysis is often used to determine the glass transition Tg in flexure by heating a sample under a constant load. The heat distortion test used in the polymer industry is a form of this. Figure shows the strain response for these types of applied stresses. While we are discussing applying a stress to generate a strain you can also look at it as if an applied strain has an associated stress. This approach was often used by older controlled deformation instruments for example most mechanical testers used for traditional stress-strain curves and failure testing. The analyzers worked by using a mechanical method such as a screw drive to apply a set rate of deformation to a sample and measured the resulting stress with a load

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