TAILIEUCHUNG - Bài giảng Hóa học - Chương 3: The Halogens
Bài giảng cung cấp cho người học các kiến thức: Tính chất lý học, Tính chất hóa học, Điều chế và ứng dụng, Hợp chất chứa oxi của halogen,. Hi vọng đây sẽ là một tài liệu hữu ích dành cho các bạn sinh viên đang theo học môn dùng làm tài liệu học tập và nghiên cứu. chi tiết nội dung tài liệu. | GROUP VIIA The Halogens Halogens (Greek hals, “salt”; genes, “born”) Tính chất lý học Tính chất hóa học Điều chế và ứng dụng Hidro halogenua Hợp chất chứa oxi của halogen Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT Group 17 Elements Also known as Group VIIA Halogens Nonmetals: Fluorine (F) and Chlorine (Cl) are gases Bromine (Br) is a liquid Iodine (I) is a solid Metalloid: Astatine (At) is a solid Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT The Lewis dot structure X ns2np4nd1: ClF3 ns2np5 ns2np3nd2: BrF5 ns2np2nd3: IF7 Department of Inorganic Chemistry - HUT Isotopes Cl-35 makes up about 75% of chlorine atoms in nature, and Cl-37 makes up the remaining 25% the average atomic mass of Cl is amu Cl-35 has a mass number = 35, 17 protons and 18 neutrons (35 - 17) Atomic Symbol A = mass number Z = atomic number AX Z = X-A Cl 35 17 Halogens are fluorine, F; chlorine, Cl; bromine, Br; iodine, I; and astatine, At. Halogens contain 7 valence electrons. As elements, halogens are diatomic. Fluorine is a reactive, pale, yellow gas. F is used in compounds of carbon to form fluorocarbons. Teflon is an example of a fluorocarbon. Other fluorocarbons include the Freons used as refrigerants. Many fluorocarbons are no longer used because of their effect on the ozone layer. Chlorine is a reactive green-yellow gas. Cl2 used to purify water and in the production of paper, textiles, bleaches, medicines, and other consumer products. Bromine is a red liquid Br is used in photographic chemicals, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and fire retardants. Iodine is a crystalline solid. I2 sublimes, turns directly from a solid to a gas when heated. Iodine is present in brine fields in oil field in California and Louisiana and in sea plants. Iodine compounds are used in photographic chemicals and medicines. Iodine is required by the human body in the thyroid. All isotopes of astatine .
đang nạp các trang xem trước
