TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 40: Basic principles of animal form and function
This chapter distinguish among the following sets of terms: collagenous, elastic, and reticular fibers; regulator and conformer; positive and negative feedback; basal and standard metabolic rates; torpor, hibernation, estivation, and daily torpor. This chapter also relate structure with function and identify diagrams of the following animal tissues: epithelial, connective tissue (six types), muscle tissue (three types), and nervous tissue. | Ch. 40 Warm up Define and give an example of homeostasis. Sequence the organization of living things from cell to biome. Describe negative and positive feedback. Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function Chapter 40 Overview: Diverse Forms, Common Challenges Anatomy: the study of the biological form (STRUCTURE) of an organism Physiology: the study of the biological FUNCTIONS an organism performs Structure dictates function! © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Figure How does a jackrabbit keep from overheating? Animal form and function are correlated at all levels of organization Size and shape affect the way an animal interacts with its environment Many different animal body plans have evolved and are determined by the genome © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems Hierarchical Organization of Body Plans © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Four main types of tissues: Epithelial: covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the body Connective: binds and supports other tissues (cartilage, tendons, ligaments, bone, blood, adipose) Muscle: controls body movement (skeletal, smooth, cardiac) Nervous: senses stimuli and transmits signals throughout the animal (neurons, glia) © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Coordination and Control Within a Body Endocrine system: transmits chemical signals (hormones) to receptive cells throughout body via blood Slow acting, long-lasting effects Nervous system: neurons transmit info between specific locations Very fast! Info received by: neurons, muscle cells, endocrine cells © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Homeostasis Maintain a “steady state” or internal balance regardless of external environment Fluctuations above/below a set point serve as a stimulus; these are detected by a sensor and trigger a response The response returns the variable to the set point © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Negative Feedback “More gets you less.” Return changing conditions back to
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