TAILIEUCHUNG - Lecture AP Biology - Chapter 16: Molecular basis of inheritance

This chapter explain the chromosomal theory of inheritance and its discovery, explain why sex-linked diseases are more common in human males than females, distinguish between sex-linked genes and linked genes, explain how meiosis accounts for recombinant phenotypes, explain how linkage maps are constructed. | Ch. 16 Warm-Up Draw and label a nucleotide. Why is DNA a double helix? What is the complementary DNA strand to: DNA: A T C C G T A T G A A C Ch. 16 Warm-Up What was the contribution made to science by these people: Hershey and Chase Franklin Watson and Crick Chargaff’s Rules: If cytosine makes up 22% of the nucleotides, then adenine would make up % ? Explain the semiconservative model of DNA replication. Ch. 16 Warm-Up What is the function of the following: Helicase DNA Ligase DNA Polymerase (I and III) Primase Nuclease How does DNA solve the problem of slow replication on the lagging strand? Code the complementary DNA strand: 3’ T A G C T A A G C T A C 5’ What is the function of telomeres? THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE Chapter 16 What you must know The structure of DNA. The major steps to replication. The difference between replication, transcription, and translation. The general differences between the bacterial chromosome and eukaryotic chromosomes. How DNA is packaged into a chromosome. Is the genetic material of organisms made of DNA or proteins? Problem: Frederick Griffith (1928) Frederick Griffith (1928) Conclusion: living R bacteria transformed into deadly S bacteria by unknown, heritable substance Oswald Avery, et al. (1944) Discovered that the transforming agent was DNA Hershey and Chase (1952) Bacteriophages: virus that infects bacteria; composed of DNA and protein Protein = radiolabel S DNA = radiolabel P Hershey and Chase (1952) Conclusion: DNA entered infected bacteria DNA must be the genetic material! Edwin Chargaff (1947) Chargaff’s Rules: DNA composition varies between species Ratios: %A = %T and %G = %C Rosalind Franklin (1950’s) Worked with Maurice Wilkins X-ray crystallography = images of DNA Provided measurements on chemistry of DNA James Watson & Francis Crick (1953) Discovered the double helix by building models to conform to Franklin’s X-ray data and Chargaff’s Rules. Structure of DNA DNA = double helix “Backbone” = sugar + .

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• Lecture AP Biology
• Systems biology
• Biological sciences
• Biological organization
• Molecular basis
• Structure of DNA
• Molecular basis
• Conservation biology
• Global change
• Levels of biological organization
• Elements of life
• Atomic structure
• Hydrogen bonding
• Water’s properties
• Importance of carbon
• Diversity of carbon
• Nucleic acids
• Large biological molecules
• Cell theory
• Cellular function
• Membrane structure
• Membrane function
• Anabolic pathways
• Law of thermodynamics
• Cellular respiration
• Chemical energy
• Calvin cycle
• Light reactions
• Cell communication
• Cell signaling
• Cell cycle
• Cell division
• Sexual life cycles
• Inheritance of genes
• Mendelian genetics
• Mendel’s experimental
• Chromosomal basis of inheritance
• Human development
• Genetic information
• Gene expression
• Genetics of viruses
• Metabolic pathways
• Viral reproduction
• Lysogenic reproductive cycles
• Recombinant DNA technology
• Restriction enzymes
• Genome sequencing
• Gene density
• Darwinian view of life
• Evolutionary theory
• Evidence for evolution
• Convergent evolution
• Evolution of populations
• Natural selection