TAILIEUCHUNG - Ebook Social psychology (4th edition): Part 2
(BQ) Part 2 book "Social psychology" has contents: Social influence, relationships and attraction, stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination, groups, aggression, altruism and cooperation. | CHAPTER 9 Social Influence I n 1980, you’d have been more likely to see a woman smoking a cigar than sporting a tattoo. Back then, tattoos were rarely seen on anyone besides sailors and prison inmates. Now architects, teachers, doctors, professors, and judges have tattoos. According to a 2007 study, 40 percent of Americans under 40 have at least one tattoo, and 10 percent over 40 have one (Pew Research Center, 2007). The growing popularity of tattoos over the past few decades reflects the power of social influence. The many who paid for a permanent tattoo on their body didn’t suddenly sense the virtues of body art on their own; they influenced one another. The influence was sometimes implicit (“Look at that cool butterfly Jill has on her ankle”), and sometimes explicit (“Check out our fraternity letters on my triceps; you should get them too”). Social influence contributes to prison guards abusing inmates (see Chapter 1), schoolchildren failing to stop a bully, and soldiers suppressing their fear and charging into battle. Other times people consciously decide to copy others or agree to requests; sometimes they just comply, unaware they’re being influenced. This chapter explores the different types of social influence that operate every day in the behavior we see around us. The power of social influence can be seen in studies of how much people in different social networks influence each other. You are 40 percent more likely to suffer from obesity if a family member or friend is obese. You’re also 20 percent more likely to be obese if a friend of your friend is obese, and 10 percent more likely if a friend of a friend of a friend is obese. This pattern seems to hold through three O U TLI N E What Is Social Influence? Conformity Compliance Obedience to Authority 303 A Social Influence Network This visualization shows how happiness clusters among friends, spouses, and siblings in a sample of participants .
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